 ‘Article Equipment intended to facilitate the carriage of goods by one ore more modes of transport without intermediate reloading'. ISO.  Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using standard inter modal containers as prescribed by ISO. These can be loaded and sealed intact onto container ships, rail road cards, planes, and trucks 1

 Although having its origins in the late 1780s or earlier, the global standardization of containers and container handling equipment was one of the important innovations in 20th century logistics.  Malcom Purcell McLean(November 14, 1913 – May 25, 2001 )was an American entrepreneur, often called "the father of containerization". In 1956, he developed the metal shipping container, which replaced the traditional break-bulk method of handling dry goods and revolutionized the transport of goods and cargo worldwide 2

3 Standard 20' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 19'4"7'8"7'10"7'8"7'6"1,172CuFt4,916lbs47,900lbs 5.900m2.350m2.393m2.342m2.280m33.2CBM2,230Kg21,770Kg Standard 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 39'5"7'8"7'10"7'8"7'6"2,390CuFt8,160lbs59,040lbs m2.350m2.392m2.340m2.280m67.7CBM3,700Kg26,780Kg STANDARD CONTAINERS

4 Opentop 20' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 19'4"7'7"7'8"7'6"7'2"1,136CuFt5,280lbs47,620lbs 5.894m2.311m2.354m2.286m2.184m32.23CBM2,400Kg21,600Kg Opentop 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 39'5"7'8" 7'5"2,350CuFt8,490lbs58,710lbs m2.350m2.345m2.341m2.274m65.5CBM3,850Kg26,630Kg OPEN TOP CONTAINERS

5 Flatrack 20' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 18'5"7'3"7'4"---5,578lbs47,333lbs 5.620m2.200m2.233m---2,530Kg21,470Kg Flatrack 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 39'7"6'10"6'5"---12,081lbs85,800lbs m2.438m2.103m---5,480Kg39,000Kg FLATRACK CONTAINERS:

6 Flatrack Collapsible 20' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 18'6"7'3"7'4"---6,061lbs61,117lbs 5.618m2.208m2.233m---2,750Kg17,730Kg Flatrack Collapsible 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 39'7"6'10"6'5"---12,081lbs85,800lbs m2.126m2.043m---5,800Kg39,000Kg FLATRACK COLLAPSIBLE CONTAINERS:

7 Reefer 20' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 17'8"7'5" 7'3"1,000CuFt7,040lbs45,760lbs 5.425m2.275m2.260m2.258m2.216m28.3CBM3,200Kg20,800Kg Reefer 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 37'8"7'5"7'2"7'5"7'0"2,040CuFt10,780lbs56,276lbs m2.270m2.197m2.282m2.155m57.8CBM4,900Kg25,580Kg Reefer High Cube 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 37'11"7'6"8'2"7'6"8'0"2,344CuFt9,900lbs57,761lbs m2.294m2.500m2.294m2.440m66.6CBM4,500Kg25,980Kg REEFER CONTAINERS

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9 HIGH CUBE 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 39'5"7'8"8'10"7'8"8'5"2,694CuFt8,750lbs58,450lbs m2.350m2.697m2.338m 76.3CBM3,970Kg26,510Kg HIGHCUBE CONTAINERS

10 PLATFORM 20' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 19'11"8'0"7'4"---6,061lbs52,896lbs 6.058m2.438m2.233m---2,750Kg24,000Kg PLATFORM 40' inside length inside width inside height door width door height capacity tare weight maxi cargo 40'0"8'0"6'5"---12,783lbs86,397lbs m2.400m1.950m---5,800Kg39,200Kg PLATFORM CONTAINERS

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FACTORADVANTAGE Standard transport product Can be manipulated anywhere in the world (ISO standard).Specialized ships, trucks and wagons. Flexibility of usage Raw materials (coal, wheat), manufactured goods, cars, frozen products. Liquids (oil and chemical products) and � reefers � (50% of all refrigerated cargo). Reuse of discarded containers. Management Unique identification number and a size type code. Transport management not in terms of loads, but in terms of unit. CostsLow transport costs; 20 times less than bulk transport. Speed Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid. Port turnaround times reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Containerships are faster than regular freighter ships. Warehousing Its own warehouse; Simpler and less expensive packaging. Stacking capacity on ships, trains (doublestacking) and on the ground. Security Contents of the container is unknown to shippers. Can only be opened at the origin, at customs and at the destination. Reduced spoilage and losses (theft). 12

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FACTORCHALLENGE Site constraints Large consumption of terminal space; move to urban periphery. Draft issues with larger containerships. Infrastructure costs Container handling infrastructures (giant cranes, warehousing facilities, inland road, rail access), are important investments. Stacking Complexity of arrangement of containers, both on the ground and on modes (containerships and double-stack trains). Loaded to avoid any restacking. Management logistics Requires management and tracking of every container.Recording, (re)positioning and ordering of containers. Empty movements Many containers are moved empty (20% of all flows). Either full or empty, a container takes the same amount of space. Divergence between production and consumption; repositioning. Illicit trade Common instrument used in the illicit trade of drug and weapons, as well as for illegal immigration. Worries about the usage of containers for terrorism. 14

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 Containerization was introduced for the first time in Indian domestic market way back in 1966 by the Indian Railways to provide door- doors service to their customers and attract cargo from road ways.  In 1987 Government of India realized the importance of containerization and started constructing a satellite port at Bombay which commenced operations in 1988 and was christened The Jawaharlal Lal Nehru Port.  Subsequently CONCOR created by Indian Railways and it constructed the 1 st ICD at Tughlakkabad. 21

 First container was handled at Cochin in  Containerization has since grown substantially.  TEUS in  TEUS in  6.60 Million TEUS in Growth of multimodal transportation and containarisation in india by girish Guijar

Name of The CompanyShipsGT% of GT Shipping corporation of India ,076, Great Eastern Shipping Co ,626, Varun shipping , Mercater line , Essar Shipping , Surendra Overseas , Tolani shipping , Five star bulk carriers , West asia maritime , Chowgule streamship , chambal fertilisers , Sanmar shipping , Rediant shipping , Others ,148, Total Distribution of Indian Tonnage on