স্বাগতম

Born: 13 December 1887 in Budapest, Hungary Died: 7 September 1985 in Palo Alto, California, USA

George Pólya's parents were Anna Deutsch and Jakab Pólya who were both Jewish. Anna was from a family who had lived for many generations in Buda, and she had been nineteen years old in 1872 when the towns of Buda, Obuda, and Pest had administratively merged to become the city of Budapest. Perhaps we should say a little about George Pólya's names, for the situation is not quite as it appears. In fact, although Jakab Pólya had the name "Pólya" when his son György (or George as he was later known) was born, he had only called himself Pólya for the five preceding years. Before that his name had been Jakab Pollák but, in order to understand why Jakab Pollák changed his name to Pólya, we need to look at both his career and at a little Hungarian history.

Jakab was trained as a lawyer, ran his own law firm which failed, and then worked for the international insurance company Assicurazioni Generali of Trieste. However what he really wanted was a university post in which he could conduct research into the subjects which really interested him, namely economics and statistics. After 1867 Hungary had gained full internal independence within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the political philosophy of the country was to move towards a Hungarian state that was both Magyar in spirit, and in its institutions. What better way for Jakab Pollák to improve his chances of a university post than to change his name from a Jewish sounding one to one which sounded really Hungarian. He did just that in 1882 and whether it contributed to his success in getting an appointment as

aPrivatdozent at the University of Budapest, one cannot say but he received such a post shortly before he died in his early fifties when George was ten years old. In fact although George's parents were Jewish, he was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church shortly after his birth. How did this come about? Well Jakab, Anna, and their three children at the time, converted from the Jewish faith to the Roman Catholic faith in 1886, the year before George's birth.

When Jakab Pólya died in 1897 he left a wife, Anna aged 44 at the time, and five children. George had an older brother Jenö, who was 21 years old and studying medicine when his father died, two older sisters Ilona (10 years older than George) and Flóra (8 years older than George) who went to work for the insurance company Assicurazioni Generali to help support the family, and a younger brother Lásló (4 years younger than George). It is worth pointing out that Jenö, who loved mathematics and always regretted not having pursued that subject, is perhaps as well known to medical people as George is to mathematicians. However, it was Lásló who was considered the brightest of the children, but sadly he was killed in World War I before making a name for himself. Perhaps given how much effort his father had put in trying to enter the academic profession, it is slightly surprising that George's mother should press him to follow his father's profession of law but this is exactly what she did. George attended elementary school in Budapest and received his certificate in 1894 which recorded (see for example [2]):-

জর্জ পোলিয়ার চার স্তর বিশিষ্ট মূলনীতি

সমস্যা সমাধান সম্পর্কে অনুধাবন

GKwU †cqvivi `vg 5 UvKv| `yB WRb †cqvivi `vg KZ? জর্জ পোলিয়ার সমস্যা সমাধানের মূলনীতি GKwU †cqvivi `vg 5 UvKv| `yB WRb †cqvivi `vg KZ?

পরিকল্পনা প্রণয়ন করা (Devise a plan) সমস্যা অনুধাবন ( Understanding the problem) পরিকল্পনা প্রণয়ন করা (Devise a plan) পরিকল্পনা বাস্তবায়ন করা (Carry out the plan) প ফিরে দেখা ( Look back on your work)

cÖ_g g~jbxwZ: mgm¨v eyS‡Z cviv| cÖ_gZ mgm¨vwU eyS‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Kx PvIqv n‡q‡Q Zv ey‡S †`L‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ k‡Z©i Av‡jv‡K mgm¨vi Ici GKwU Quwe A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| wØZxq g~jbxwZ: mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ`Ë Z_¨ ev DcvË I ARvbv ivwki m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Z…Zxq g~jbxwZ: cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖwZ av‡ci gvb wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e I cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e| PZz_© g~jbxwZ: mv`vgvUv K_vq wcQb wd‡i †`Lv| A_©vr mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv ev dj cixÿv K‡i †`Lv| G bxwZ¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i Avgiv ‡h †Kvb MvwYwZK mgm¨v‡K e¨vL¨v I mgvavb Ki‡Z cvwi |

avc-1: mgm¨v Abyaveb: ‡h †h Z_¨ ‡`qv Av‡Q Ges Kx †ei Ki‡Z n‡e? avc-2:cwiKíbv Kiv: Z‡_¨i e¨vL¨v: KZwU Ges Kx `i? avc-3: cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb: Kx Kx Dcv‡q `vg †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv avc-4: mgvavb cÖwµqv hvPvB Kiv: djvd‡ji ï×Zv wbY©q Kiv|

দলীয় কাজ 3wU gyiMx I 4wU nuv‡mi g~j¨ 1090 UvKv| 1wU gyiMxi `vg 150 UvKv n‡j 1wU nv‡mi `vg KZ?

cÖ_g `j t 1 b¤^i g~jbxwZ wØZxq `j t 2 b¤^i g~jbxwZ Z„Zxq `j t 3 b¤^i g~jbxwZ PZz_© `j t 3 b¤^i I 4 b¤^i g~jbxwZ

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