10/12/2015 Yoshio Utsumi 1 ICTs for Development Yoshio Utsumi ex-Secretary General International Telecommunication Union

10/12/2015 2Yoshio Utsumi Personal Profile Born in 1942 Born in 1942 Academic Background Academic Background Univ. of Tokyo LLB Univ. of Tokyo LLB Univ. of Chicago MA Political Science Univ. of Chicago MA Political Science Worked for Japanese Gov. Mostly engaged in telecommunication policy and regulation Worked for Japanese Gov. Mostly engaged in telecommunication policy and regulation Postmaster General Postmaster General Deputy Minister of Ministry of Posts & Telecom Deputy Minister of Ministry of Posts & Telecom Secretary General of ITU ( ) Secretary General of ITU ( ) President of JTEC (at present) President of JTEC (at present)

10/12/2015 3Yoshio Utsumi ITU A United Nations specialized agency A United Nations specialized agency The oldest international organization established in 1865 The oldest international organization established in 1865 Allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits Allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits Develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect Develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect Strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide Strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide

10/12/2015 4Yoshio Utsumi 1856 International Telegraph Convention 4

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10/12/2015 6Yoshio Utsumi History of ITU 1856 International Telegraph Convention 1856 International Telegraph Convention 1906 International Radiotelegraph Convention 1906 International Radiotelegraph Convention 1932 International Telecommunication Union 1932 International Telecommunication Union 1947 a Specialized Agency of UN 1947 a Specialized Agency of UN Secretary General /Yoshio Utsumi Secretary General /Yoshio Utsumi 6

10/12/2015 7Yoshio Utsumi UN Specialized Agencies 1. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Bank Group International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 2. International Finance Corporation (IFC) 3. International Development Association (IDA) 12. World Health Organization (WHO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 1925

10/12/2015 8Yoshio Utsumi What I was involved in In Japan In Japan Liberalization of Telecommunication Market Liberalization of Telecommunication Market Introduction of competition Introduction of competition Privatization of NTT public corporation Privatization of NTT public corporation Promotion of ICTs Promotion of ICTs Creation of tax incentives Creation of tax incentives Creation of low interest rate public loans Creation of low interest rate public loans Creation of local ICT projects Creation of local ICT projects Creation of a research institution (ATR), etc Creation of a research institution (ATR), etc

10/12/2015 9Yoshio Utsumi What I was involved in In the World In the World Agreement of WTO basic telecom negotiation Agreement of WTO basic telecom negotiation Agreement of 3G Agreement of 3G Advancement of IP Telephony Advancement of IP Telephony Agreement of Digitalization of TV by 2015 Agreement of Digitalization of TV by 2015 Organization of WSIS Organization of WSIS Commitment by the world leaders for the Information Society Commitment by the world leaders for the Information Society Internationalization and democratization of the management of Internet Internationalization and democratization of the management of Internet

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Why WSIS? ICTs are ICTs are Prerequisites for the modern life Prerequisites for the modern life Means to leapfrog the development process Means to leapfrog the development process Means for self-help development Means for self-help development Of no need of big investments Of no need of big investments Eco friendly Eco friendly

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi WSIS Objectives Enlightenment Enlightenment Draw attention of the world top leaders Draw attention of the world top leaders Commitments by the world leaders Commitments by the world leaders Multi-stakeholders approach Multi-stakeholders approach Stock-taking Stock-taking

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi12 WSIS World Summit on the Information society Prep-com Regional Meeting Geneva Summit Tunis Summit Prep-com Regional Meeting Prep-com Regional Meeting Thematic Meeting

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10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi What I have witnessed Development of cell phones only in urban areas Development of cell phones only in urban areas Widely established policies are easily chosen without taking into consideration of the specificity of a community. Widely established policies are easily chosen without taking into consideration of the specificity of a community. Interests of the people are ranked lower. Interests of the people are ranked lower. The best policies for the people are rarely taken. The best policies for the people are rarely taken.

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Policies of WB for Telecom “ Liberalization of telecom is the best, and only way for the development of telephone in developing countries. ” “ Liberalization of telecom is the best, and only way for the development of telephone in developing countries. ” WB urges developing countries to follow the policy. WB urges developing countries to follow the policy. Not the best result, however, highly appreciated Not the best result, however, highly appreciated

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Failures of Africa Urged competition in urban areas Urged competition in urban areas → Poor services for rural areas → Poor services for rural areas → No development of local industry → No development of local industry Urged regulation by an independent commission Urged regulation by an independent commission → A commission for everything → A commission for everything → No expertise → No expertise

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Cases of Latin America Experienced policy makers Experienced policy makers Good examples of neighboring countries Good examples of neighboring countries → Moderate introduction of competition → Creation of universal service fund

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Expected Objectives Early penetration of telecommunications Early penetration of telecommunications By liberalization of market By liberalization of market By foreign capital By foreign capital Low tariff Low tariff By competition By competition By regulation By regulation Development of telecom in rural areas Development of telecom in rural areas By universal fund By universal fund Development of local related industries Development of local related industries By controlling of foreign capitals By controlling of foreign capitals By incentives, education, etc. By incentives, education, etc.

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Reasons for Japan ’ s Telecom Liberalization Finished the construction of the network Finished the construction of the network To support the restructuring of corrupted National Railway To support the restructuring of corrupted National Railway Abuses of the monopoly, NTT Abuses of the monopoly, NTT For the utilization of computers For the utilization of computers × For new comers × For new comers × For lower tariffs × For lower tariffs × For the varieties of services × For the varieties of services

10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Reasons for wrong policies Interests of big states and global enterprises Interests of big states and global enterprises → Laissez-faire and free competition → Laissez-faire and free competition Lack of knowledge and expertise Lack of knowledge and expertise → Use of consultants → Use of consultants Personal interests Personal interests → Follow visible and invisible big powers → Follow visible and invisible big powers

Lessons Learn experiences of other countries Not follow the advice of consultants Not easily follow the advice of WB Enlighten decision makers, get followers

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10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi Advice for High Gov. Officials Power is only the beginning. Power is only the beginning. No good causes, no good works. No good causes, no good works. A man alone can do nothing. A man alone can do nothing. Ask yourself, “ Which is the best for the people? ” Ask yourself, “ Which is the best for the people? ” Your life is only once. Your life is only once.

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10/12/ Yoshio Utsumi33 Thank you very much