GESIS workshop, Bonn Publishing Scientific Data – the Role of the Digital Object Identifier Michael Diepenbroek PANGAEA / WDC-MARE

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 DOI - Operational System International DOI Foundation (IDF) launched Currently used by c. 4,000 naming authorities –assigners e.g. 3,000 publishers, data repositories, EU Documents, science data sets, etc. ~43 million DOI names assigned to date ~60 million DOI resolutions per month Well established in professional information sector –best known applications are CrossRef ( ) and DataCite ( ) Draft International Standard (ISO TC46 )

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 DOI – Operational System Use of identifier syntax and network resolution mechanism (Handle System®) Persistence ensured through combination of –improved handle infrastructure (registry database, proxy support) –social infrastructure (obligations by Registration Agencies - RA) Use of a semantically interoperable data model and grouping mechanisms. –multiple resolution, data typing, “Application Profiles”

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 DOI - Organisation International DOI Foundation members Operating Federation Registration Agencies (RA) Clients

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 DOI – Business Model IDF receives membership fees from RAs, contracts technical operator RAs also pay operational fees to IDF’s technical operator for registering and maintaining DOI names (sliding scale per volume) Assigners are customers of RAs RAs might have their own existing numbering scheme RAs are autonomous independent bodies. They offer services to assigners using DOI names –RAs’ business model with their customers is entirely autonomous –RAs only obligation to IDF is a licence/operating agreement

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 DOI system – added value DOI is a brand DOI resolving infrastructure Offer you the opportunity to build added-value services Strong linkage with academic publishing! DataCite as DOI registry for scientific data –Organised as an international association of libraries –Developed by ICSU World Data Centers and Services (German cluster) & the Technical Information Library in Hannover (TIB) Will be adopted by ICSU World Data System (associated member of DataCite)

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Nuclear Radiation Tokyo, Japan WDC Co-ordination Offices Washington DC, USA Beijing, China Meteorology Asheville NC, USA Beijing, China Obninsk, Russia Oceaography Obninsk, Russia Silver Spring MD, USA Tianjin, China Paleoclimatology Boulder CO, USA Marine Geology and Geophysics Boulder CO, USA Moscow, Russia Remotely Sensed Land Data Sioux Falls SD, USA Renewable Resources and Environment Beijing, China Recent Crustal Movements Ondrejov, Czech Republic Airglow Mitaka,Japan Astronomy Beijing, China Atmospheric Trace Gases Oak Ridge TN, USA Aurora Tokyo, Japan Cosmic Rays Toyokawa, Japan Geology Beijing, China Human Interactions in the Environment Palisades NY, USA Ionosphere Tokyo, Japan Earth Tides Brussels, Belgium Geomagnetism Copenhagen, Denmark Edinburgh, UK Kyoto, Japan Colaba, India Glaciology Boulder CO, USA Cambridge, UK Lanzhou, China Marine Environmental Sciences Germany, (2001) Rotation of the Earth Obninsk, Russia Washington DC, USA Satellite Information Greenbelt MD, USA Rockets and Satellites Obninsk, Russia Seismology Denver CO, USA Beijing, China Solar Radio Emission Nagano, Japan Space Science Beijing, China Space Science Satellites Kanagawa, Japan Solar Activity Meudon, France Soils Wageningen, The Netherlands Sunspot Index Brussels, Belgium Solar Terrestrial Physics Boulder CO, USA Didcot Oxon, UK Moscow, Russia Haymarket, Australia Solid Earth Geophysics Beijing, China Boulder CO, USA Moscow, Russia ICSU World Data Centers (WDC) Geophysical Year 1957

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Contra Insufficient funding (of course) Organisation and quality of data services are not consistent IT development is fast – no time for legacies Fragmentation of efforts Pro Long standing experience & know how & motivation Good context with science Open access for all data resources As a whole a very large global data management capacity Trans-disciplinary ! Initial position of WDS

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 ICSU WDS - Roles & relations in a federated system Publishers commercial, open access (e.g. ESSD journal), crossreferencing Data Collection & Processing Facilities QA/QC, data products, also data rescue Data Archiving & Publication Facilities certified repositories Related Networks & Programs GEOSS, GMES, WMO-IS, IOC etc Metadata & Data Services web portals, catalogues Visualisation & Analysis compute systems, virtual labs, GIS systems Research Institutions universities, research institutes Research Projects / Programs national, EU, international Libraries & Service Providers DOI registry interdiscipl. catalogues Research Facilities sattelites, vessels, observatories, alert systems etc. Education & Outreach Scientific Communities & Other Stakeholders

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 WDS implementation

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Why do we need publishing systems for scientific data? Good data availability fosters large scale & complex science approaches. „Data recycling“ is more effective than re-production. General data availability is low compared to data production. Available data are often not usable because the quality cannot be estimated. Prerequisite for the verification of scientific results. Benefit to data producers (publications = science currency)

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Data publishing - prerequisites and current status DOI assigners (agents) need to be certified –Certification agency – CA following the OECD principles and guidelines for access to research data (2007) peer-review procedures citability –persistent identifiers (DOI) –ICSU SCOR & Codata working groups on data citation –Science citation index -> Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge Metadata/Data standards & protocols

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Data publishing - metadata Dublin Core STD-DOI ISO19115 data management & longterm archiving RDB catalogues PANGAEA XSLT Index protocols marshaller WS (SOAP/WSDL) Frontends / portals Elsevier Geoserver (OGC) OGC catalogue service OAI-PMH WS (SOAP/WSDL) ISO690 GeoPortal. Bund® TIB Library DOI registration catalogues DOI registry DIF Dublin Core harvester Google OCLC harvester Thomson Reuters EUR-OCEANS CARBOOCEAN IODP Darwin Core DIGIR Darwin Core ISO19115 DIF OBIS GBIF harvester D-GRID gml, kml WDS PANGAEA web frontend

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Data publishing - prerequisites and current status Collaborations with science publishers (Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Oxford, AGU etc.) –data journals (ESSD) –cross-referencing supplementary data with traditional publications –published data as embedded content for traditional publications –combined peer-review between data archive and journal

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Data publishing - peer-review

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Data publishing – cross-referencing

GESIS workshop, Bonn 2011 Thank you !