Japanese Literature: Noh, Kabuki, and Haiku

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Presentation transcript:

Japanese Literature: Noh, Kabuki, and Haiku

Brief History of Japan Heavy cultural influence from China and Korea (Buddhism, ways of farming, art, language / letters) First emerged as separate state in eighth century C.E.; feudal dynasties began. Chose to be isolated. 12th to 19th centuries: Samurais ruled (shogun), emperor was only figurehead 1853: American Commodore Matthew Perry (with four warships) “requested” Japan to begin trading 1868: After civil war, shogun resigns and Emperor restored to power; once again, he is truly in charge of Japan. Emperor begins modernization of country, abolishes samurai class and feudal system.

Japanese Literature Theater: Noh Kabuki Poetry: Haiku

Noh Oldest (formalized by 1400’s) Stories are spiritual in nature (ghosts, demons, possessions) Masks are worn Audience is aristocratic / upper class elegant, refined

Noh (page 2) Simple sets, little or no props Stage has three sides for audience, connects to dressing room (separated by curtain) Accompanied by music / “chorus”

A Traditional Noh Theater

Kabuki Developed around 1600’s Stories based on folklore, history Highly stylized makeup Appeals to middle class audience that often yells during performance lavish, exaggerated

Kabuki (page 2) Elaborate sets, often using special effects Extensive use of props, especially the fan Stage has one side (long proscenium), walkway connects to rear of theater Accompanied by music / “chorus” omnagata: males performing as females

Comparisons: Kabuki and Elizabethan (Shakespearean) Theater When thinking of how Elizabethan theater is like Kabuki, particularly A Midsummer Night’s Dream, consider: Only men play female parts Human characters interact with supernatural people / forces (fairies) Use of songs Exaggeration, especially for humor Love of special effects (Globe Theater: trap doors, galleries, cannons)

Contemporary Influence of Kabuki & Noh Japanese anime (cartoons) and manga (comic books) Costume / makeup design for modern movies (such as Star Wars)

Haiku A form of minimalist Japanese poetry Was opening stanza of longer poem before becoming stand-alone form Traditionally, the subject is nature or the seasons Attempts to be profound, or compare two unlike things Consists of three lines and a certain number of syllables per line Traditionally, haiku is 5-7-5. Because of language differences, Japanese haiku that is translated into English may not fall into this syllabic structure.

Japanese Haiku the first cold shower even the monkey seems to want a little coat of straw. old pond (fu/ru/i/ke ya) a frog jumps (ka/wa/zu to/bi/ko/mu) the sound of water (mi/zu no o/to) --both by Matsuo Basho (1644-1694)

English Haiku A leaf falls forward – A tumbling red-gold toddler Meets the ground surprised. Moist snowflake gleams, perched At the end of my own nose Before it melts, like lost tears. English Haiku by Adam Watson, 2008.