Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carl P. Gabbard PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation revised by Alberto Cordova, University of Texas at San Antonio Chapter 12 Assessment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 12.1
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Assessment Assessment is a process that involves both: Measurement Evaluation
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Assessment Measurement The collection of information on which a decision is based Tests: motor performance, observation of behavior, or questions Non-tests: height, weight, and length
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Evaluation Process of decision making regarding the value or worth of collected information Norm-referenced standards Criterion-referenced standards Assessment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Norm-Referenced Standards Hierarchical ordering of individuals Compare individuals to others Percentile norms
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Criterion-Referenced Standards Degree to which an individual achieves a specified level of development, motor performance, or physical status Most national fitness tests use this standard
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Assessment Product-oriented Performance outcome Quantitative data Distance: ft. / in. and time: sec. Process-oriented Form Qualitative data
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Purposes of Assessment Diagnosis / screening Determine status Placement Program content Program evaluation Construction of norms and performance standards Research Prediction Motivation of individuals
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Considerations for Proper Assessment Validity Measures that which it is intended to measure Reliability Repeatability Objectivity Agreement of examiners Other Feasible to administer, available funds, level of training, etc.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Apgar Scale The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) 2 to 3 days (after birth) / 9 to 10 days (at home) Items: Behavioral, reflex, and supplementary Newborn Assessment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 12.2 Newborn Assessment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bayley Scales of Infant Development The Alberta Infant Motor Scale Posture and Fine Motor Assessment of Infants Toddler and Infant Motor Evaluation Test of Infant Motor Performance Infant Assessment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Infant Assessment Table 12.3
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Example of an AIMS Item Figure 12.1
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.2 Example of a PFMAI Assessment Item
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Assessment of (Up to) School-Age Populations Figure 12.3 Percentage of normal children passing the item
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings School-Age Assessment Ages and Stages Questionnaire The Denver Developmental Screening Test Motor Assessment Battery for Children Peabody Development Motor Scales II Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Affordances in the Home for Motor Development Berry-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration School-Age Assessment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sample of the Movement ABC-2 Assessment Figure 12.4
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sample of the Balance Testing with the BOT-2 Figure 12.5
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Assessment Items Gross Motor Running, jumping, and hopping Balance Kicking and throwing Fine Motor Drawing and copying Stringing Stacking blocks
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Process-Oriented Assessment Instruments Test of Gross Motor Development-2 3 to 10 years Both norm- / criterion-referenced Fundamental Movement Pattern Assessment Instrument Body segments analyzed into 3 stages
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 12.4
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sample of Body Action Assessment (FMPAI) Figure 12.6
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Senior Fitness Test > 60 years Assesses aerobic and fitness Williams-Greene Test of Physical and Motor Function Assesses in the areas of upper extremity function and mobility Physical Performance Test Test for Older Persons
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 12.5
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 12.6
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 12.7
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Assessment provides the opportunity to observe, document, and interpret change across the life span as well as to determine the growth and developmental status of an individual at a particular time. Assessment involves both measurement and evaluation. After the purpose for conducting the assessment has been established, additional considerations are warranted with regard to instrument selection. Most instruments are based on generalized product (quantitative) characteristics and provide little insight into the process of developmental change. These shortcomings have been addressed to some degree in recent years and continue to be studied. Summary