School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Medical Education Unit Leeds Institute of Medical Education will skill Workshop: Pause2Learn: developing the will and skill for academic performance John Sandars

How do we learn? - SRL perspective What we did? - The Pause2Learn course Opportunity to explore the site Consider how you can use the P2L approach on your course or for Personal Tutoring

How do we learn?

YesNo Success depends on my ability – that is what I am born with Success depends on the strategies that I use

Attributions High performers - strategy Low performers - ability across all areas

YesNo My goal is to complete all of the task at once My goal is to complete the task in small steps, one at a time

Goal setting High performers - short term goals - specific Low performers - vague long term outcome goals

YesNo I am aware that I choose the most appropriate strategy to complete the task

YesNo I use self - control approaches when doing a task - Self - talk - Imagery - Attention focusing

YesNo I constantly self-monitor to see if my strategies are working whilst doing the task

YesNo I always reflect on how well I have done after a task I always consider how to change my strategies to ensure that I meet my goals

WILL Set Goals Strategies Performance TASK Monitoring INTERNAL FEEDBACK

YesNo I always seek to obtain feedback from others when I complete a task

WILL Set Goals Strategies Performance TASK Monitoring INTERNAL FEEDBACK EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

What is Self Regulated Learning? “An active process whereby learners set goals for their learning and monitor, regulate and control their cognition, motivation and behaviour” (Pintrich 2002)

Self Regulated Learning Schunk, Dale H., & Zimmerman, Barry J. (Eds). (1998). Self-Regulated Learning: From Teaching to Self-Reflective Practice. New York: Guilford Press

Self Regulatory Checklist Planning Monitoring Evaluating After Ertmer P Newby TJ (1996) Instructional Science 24: 1-24 Skill Will

Self Regulatory Checklist Planning What is the nature of the task? What is my goal? What kind of information and strategies do I need? How much time and resources will I need? Do I need to modify environment / others? What is my motivation? – ease/ competence Skill Will

Self Regulatory Checklist Monitoring Do I have a clear understanding of what I am doing? Does the task make sense? Am I reaching my goals? Do I need to make changes? Do I need to modify the environment ? Do I need to modify my thoughts /emotions? Skill Will

Self Regulatory Checklist Evaluating Have I reached my goal? What worked? What didn’t work? Would I do things differently next time? What is the impact on my motivation? Skill Will

Where’s the evidence?

Self Regulated Learning Academic Performance School College Motor skill Performance – sport coaching

The evidence! SRL and academic achievement Zimmerman BJ & Schunk DH (eds) (2001) Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical Perspectives Mahwah,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Monitoring - developmental - trainable Delclos VR & Harrington C (1991) Effects of strategy monitoring and proactive instruction on children’s problem-solving performance Journal of Educational Psychology 83: 35-42

Cognitive system ES 0.55 Metacognitive system ES 0.72 Goal selection ES 0.97 Strategy selection and monitoring ES 0.74 Marzano RJ (1998) Theory-Based Meta-Analysis of Research on Instruction

What we did

First year – first term 5 weekly group tutored sessions Reflect on completed questionnaire Tutor input with powerpoint Reflect on implications and action plan Upload reflections to Progress File (Passport to progress) Beginning each term Tutored group session to reflect on approaches and changes required Future approach to structured personal tutor support

Investigating the Influence of Attribution Styles on the Development of Mathematical Talent Nokelainen P, Tirri K, Merenti-Välimäki H-L Gifted Child Quarterly (1) Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) Motivation scale (31 items) - intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy for learning and performance, test anxiety Learning scale (31 items) – use of different strategies (rehearsal, elaboration, organisation, critical thinking) and self-regulation processes Resource management scale (19 items) – time and study environment, effort regulation, peer learning, help seeking Pintrich P., Smith D., Garcia T., McKeachie W. "A Manual for the Use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire". Technical Report 91-B-004. The Regents of The University of Michigan

THE EVALUATION (N=14) Thirteen students agreed the course had given them new information about the way that they learn completing the questionnaire helped them to identify their approach to learning the opportunity to discuss their approach to learning in the group was useful the handouts on study strategies were useful. One student did not find the course useful as he was already aware of his approach to learning ! Medical Education (2010) 44(11) 1122–1123