1 Why should “WE” CARE about data?

International initiatives OECD principles and guidelines for access to research data from public funding 2007 “Access to research data increases the returns from public investment in this area; reinforces open scientific inquiry; encourages diversity of studies and opinion; promotes new areas of work and enables the exploration of topics not envisioned by the initial investigators”. 2

International initiatives Research Councils UK Common Principles on Data Policy Principles #1 Publicly funded research data are a public good, produced in the public interest, which should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner that does not harm intellectual property. 3

International initiatives National Institutes of Health USA Data Sharing policy “Data sharing is essential for expedited translation of research results into knowledge, products and procedures to improve human health”. 4

National policy Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (NHMRC, 2007) Section 2: Management of Research Data & Primary Materials “The responsible conduct of research includes the proper management and retention of the research data. …The central aim is that sufficient materials and data are retained to justify the outcomes of the research and to defend them if they are challenged. The potential value of the material for further research should also be considered, particularly where the research would be difficult or impossible to repeat.” Code awareness ANDS Guide: 5

National policy Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (NHMRC, 2007) Section 2: Management of Research Data & Primary Materials “Each institution must have a policy on the retention of materials and research data. It is important that institutions acknowledge their continuing role in the management of research material and data.” 6

Institutional policy Edith Cowan Research Data Management Policy August 2013 “Research data management is a shared responsibility. Researchers, Research Centres, Schools, Faculties and relevant Service Centres work in partnership to implement good practice”. 7

Funding bodies Australian Research Council ARC Statement, February 2013 “The ARC is committed to maximising the benefits from ARC-funded research, including through ensuring greater access to research data. In line with responsibilities outlined in the Australian Code for Responsible Conduct of Research (2007) and international best practice, the ARC has, from 2007, encouraged researchers to deposit data arising from research projects in publicly accessible repositories”. 8

Funding bodies Australian Research Council ARC Discovery Grant requirements, February 2014 Researchers are now required as part of the application process for National Competitive Grants Program funding to outline how they plan to manage research data arising from ARC-funded research. ANDS guide: 9

Publishers Public Library of Science (PLOS) New data policy, December 2013 “PLOS journals require authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception”. 10

Publishers Nature “An inherent principle of publication is that others should be able to replicate and build upon the authors' published claims. Therefore, a condition of publication in a Nature journal is that authors are required to make materials, data and associated protocols promptly available to readers without undue qualifications”. 11

Researchers 12

Researchers Data reuse and the Open Data Citation Advantage Heather Piwowar and Todd Vision “Previous studies have found that papers with publicly available datasets receive a higher number of citations than similar studies without available data…..we find a robust citation benefit from open data, although a smaller one than previously reported. We conclude there is a direct effect of third-party data reuse that persists for years beyond the time when researchers have published most of the papers reusing their own data”. PeerJ article 13

Government - federal Data.gov.au “The main purpose of the site is to encourage public access to and reuse of government data by providing it in useful formats under open licences. It was created following the Government’s Declaration of Open Government and response to the Government 2.0 Taskforce Report.”Government’s Declaration of Open GovernmentGovernment 2.0 Taskforce Report 14

Government - state data.qld.gov.au 15

What is Open Data? Open Knowledge Foundation “‘Open knowledge’ is any content, information or data that people are free to use, re-use and redistribute — without any legal, technological or social restriction.” Why should data be open?  Transparency  Releasing social and commercial value  Participation and engagement Open data definition: 16

What is Open Data? Open Knowledge Foundation “Open data are the building blocks of open knowledge. Open knowledge is what open data becomes when it’s useful, usable and used.” 17

What is Open Data? G8 Open Data Charter “Open data can increase transparency about what government and business are doing. Open data also increase awareness about how countries’ natural resources are used, how extractives revenues are spent, and how land is transacted and managed. All of which promotes accountability and good governance, enhances public debate, and helps to combat corruption”. European Union open data portal UK open data portal US open data portal