Chapter 12

 1. What was the Reformation  Reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church

 2. What complaints did reformers have against the church?  Too political  Too rich  Sale of indulgences is wrong

 3. What is an indulgence?  Forgiveness of sins by paying church money

 4. Who nailed a list of complaints to the door of a church?  Martin Luther  95 Theses  Protestants  Lutherans

 5. What did Martin Luther believe?  Direct relationship with God  Beliefs based on the Bible

 6. What did John Calvin believe?  Predestination- God planned everything in advance  Church members should elect church leaders

 7. How did Henry VIII bring the Reformation to England  Declared himself head of new church  Anglican Church

 8. What were the goals of the Counter- Reformation?  Strengthen Catholic Church  Stop spread of Protestantism

 9. How did the Catholic church handle opposition in Spain?  The Spanish Inquisition punished Muslims, Jews, and Protestants

 10. What were the Jesuits?  Religious order created to serve the Pope and the church

 11. What did the Council of Trent do?  Reformed the Catholic Church  Banned selling of indulgences

 12. What were the goals of Catholic missionaries?  Spread Catholic teachings  Convert foreigners

 13. Which areas of Europe stayed Catholic after the Reformation?  Portugal  Spain  France  Ireland  Italy

 14. What was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?  Catholic rioters killed 3,000 Protestants in Paris, France

 15. Protestants and Catholics fighting in Europe led to what war?  Thirty Years’ War

 16. How did Protestants practice self-government?  Governed their own church  Decided how town would be run

 17. What is federalism?  Sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government