Restoration & Enlightenment 1660-1798 England Page 516

Restoration & Enlightenment King Charles II invited to the throne after exile in France (Charles I had been executed) England turned away from the grim era of Cromwell’s Puritan rule (theaters were closed, entertainment suspended) Charles II brought with him the glamour and style of France

Restoration & Enlightenment 1665—Great Plague (100,000 dead) 1666—Great Fire of London (75% burned) King James II succeeded Charles II and attempted to install Roman Catholicism as the State religion James II was replaced by Protestant, Mary and husband William (College in VA—Educated 3 American presidents)

Restoration & Enlightenment 1702—Queen Anne took the throne Scotland united with England—became Great Britain Queen Anne outlived all 16 of her children Another 100 year war with France George I, George II, George III (1760–1820)—suffered from a mental illness (porphyria vampire-sunlight & garlic)-lost American Colonies

Restoration & Enlightenment 18th Century--Age of Reason John Locke-Philosopher-Tabula Rasa (blank slate) Nature –vs- Nurture debate Isaac Newton—Father of Science (the most influential man in history) Farming and livestock methods improved Displaced peasants who moved into the cities to work in factories—industrial revolution

Restoration & Enlightenment Restoration—the return of the monarchy to England Enlightenment—the philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason Samuel Johnson (1755) published Dictionary of the English Language—40,000 words and definitions

Restoration & Enlightenment Great British authors of the R&E— Samuel Pepys (Diary) John Milton (Paradise Lost) Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe) Jonathan Swift (Gulliver’s Travels)

The Diary of Samuel Pepys pg.525 Began diary at age 26 (continued for over 40 years) wrote over 1.2 million words Helped save the Navy office during the Great Fire of London Appointed as Sec of Navy—helped make England a major sea power

The Diary of Samuel Pepys pg.525 Firsthand account of events that occurred over 300 years ago (1660-1669) Wrote in shorthand to ensure privacy of his thoughts Diary—writer’s personal day-to-day account of his or her experiences and impressions (personal and public)

The Diary of Samuel Pepys Informal Diary writing—Pepsy writes in sentence fragments, using participles only, ex. May 23…the King walking…his traveling…his sitting…” Samuel’s account of King Charles II coronation (restoration) Charles II account of his exile to France Through six weeks of narrow escaped Charles managed to flee England in disguise, despite a reward of £1,000 on his head, risk of death for anyone caught helping him and the difficulty in disguising Charles, who was unusually tall at over 6 feet (185 cm) high.

The Diary of Samuel Pepys Firsthand account of the Great Fire of London—1666 Started in a Bakery on Pudding Lane, destroyed 13,000 homes, only 16 deaths Firefighters used fire-breaks to stop the fire; they blew up structures with gunpowder Helped end the plague by killing rats

Start Here

Daniel Defoe 1660-1731 pg. 583 Ups and downs in business as a merchant Wrote controversial Political pamphlets Put in the pillory or stocks and pelted with flowers instead of rotten fruit Began writing novels in his late 50s. Robinson Crusoe was Defoe’s first Novel

Robinson Crusoe (pg. 566) Full title: The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner Published 1719 First important English novel (New) Classic adventure story Written in the first person POV Ordinary people in extraordinary situations

Robinson Crusoe continued Based on true story of a shipwrecked sailor on a deserted island Although fiction, many believed it to be a true account RC is basis for comic books, movies and science fiction adventures

Robinson Crusoe continued Crusoe learns valuable skills and lessons in his 28 year ordeal: Craft tools, carpentry, pottery, agriculture and animal husbandry Appreciates the moral and social values back home in England Rescues “Friday” from cannibals Finally is rescued by passing ship which he saves from mutineers

Castaway

Stop Here

GULLIVER’S TRAVELS SATIRE--A literary technique in which behaviors or institutions are ridiculed for the purpose of improving society EXAMPLES: SNL, COMICS, CARICATURES, PARODIES

Examples of Satire “Weekend Update” from Saturday Night Live The Daily Show the movie Scary Movie the movies of Austin Powers most political cartoons in newspapers and magazines the songs of Weird Al Yankovic

Satire Today

SATIRE IN COMICS

CARICATURES

FANTASY Literature in which the limits of reality are purposely disregarded

Stop Here