Michael S. Beauchamp, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Michael S. Beauchamp, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX.

Advertisements

Slide 1 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, and Paradiso Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bear: Neuroscience: Exploring.

UofR: Neural Basis of Cognition Lecture 3 Motor Control.

Review: General Control Theory

Michael S. Beauchamp, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX.

5. Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up

BASAL NUCLEI (Basal Ganglia).

The Basal Ganglia Maryann Martone, Ph. D. NEU257 2/22/2011.

Basal Ganglia and Motor Control L21

BASAL GANGLIA Prof. Ashraf Husain Basal Ganglia Structure. Functions. Metabolic features. Connections. Disorders.

The Nervous System A network of billions of nerve cells linked together in a highly organized fashion to form the rapid control center of the body. Functions.

Brain Control of Movement. Motor Control Hierarchy  High level – plans and executes strategy Association areas of cortex Basal ganglia gives the “go”

Introduction to Neurobiology Lecture 2: “Structure of the Nervous System-Basic concept in neuroanatomy-”

Neural Control of Muscle. Quick Review: Spinal Cord Flexors Extensors.

Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

Assess Prof. Fawzia Al-Rouq Department of Physiology College of Medicine King Saud University Functional Anatomy of the Nervous System.

CHAPTER V Movement disorders Part I: Anatomy and physiology of motor system.

Pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

Exam 1 Moved to the 31 of January Thebrainmcgill Simple to complex Neurological level Intermediate level Midsagittal view.

Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral.

Some Terminologies White matter : myelinated fibre tracts White matter : myelinated fibre tracts Gray matter : areas of neuronal cell bodies Gray matter.

The Basal Ganglia.

Motor Systems. Motor Unit Motoneuron + muscle fibers it innervates Range in size from a few muscle fibers (e.g. extraocular muscles) To hundreds of.

DESCENDING TRACTS. Fiber Types A Fibers: A Fibers: Somatic, myelinated. Alpha (α): Largest, also referred to as Type I. Beta (β): Also referred to as.

MOTOR SYSTEMS:POSTURE AND LOCOMOTION D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAM.

The Basal Ganglia. I.Functional anatomy A. Input and output components cerebral cortex  BG  thalamus (VA)  frontal lobe. B. Parallel circuits C. Neurotransmitters.

Brainstem and Basal Ganglia

PhD MD MBBS Faculty of Medicine Al Maarefa Colleges of Science & Technology Faculty of Medicine Al Maarefa Colleges of Science & Technology Lecture – 9:

MOTOR AREAS EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM

2217 – Motor system Somatic – striated muscle Autonomic – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands Upper and lower motor neurons (final common path) Segmental.

Neuroscience Integrative medicine. 1. Neurons in the neostriatum are a. Inhibited by GABA released at corticostriate terminals b. Inhibited by GABA.

Regions of the Brain  Cerebral hemispheres  Diencephalon  Brain stem  Cerebellum.

Central nervous system (CNS) Brain + Spinal Cord

Author(s): Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–Non-commercial–Share.

08a Start of Motor Systems: Indirect tracts basal ganglia feedback loop, cerebellar feedback loop (Associated with material in Chapters 13, 14, and a bit.

19th August 2013Bio Neurobiology I - Organization of the nervous system1 Organization of the nervous system 2 Raghav Rajan Bio 334 – Neurobiology.

PP 03c-Gross anatomy, in more detail. Brainstem Structures: Structures: –Midbrain –Pons –Medulla.

BASAL GANGLIA Basal ganglia are subcorticle nuclei of grey matter located in the interior part of cerebrum near about base 3.

Brain Motor Control Lesson 20. Hierarchical Control of Movement n Association cortices & Basal Ganglia l strategy : goals & planning l based on integration.

Subcortical Motor Systems: Cerebellum & Basal Ganglia Lecture 21.

Human Brain. Introduction nMechanisms of control of behavior u Reflex u Involuntary u Voluntary nUnderstanding from analysis of neural diseases.

The Autonomic Nervous System Fawzia Al-Rouq Department of Physiology College of Medicine King Saud University BASAL GANGLIA.

The Neurological Control of Movement

PHYSIOLOGY OF BASAL GANGLIA AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS Dr Syed Shahid Habib MBBS DSDM FCPS Professor Dept. of Physiology King Saud University.

Basal Ganglia Principles of neural sciences 5 th ed. The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy 6 th ed. 林永煬國立陽明大學腦科學研究所.

Chapter 8 The Neurological Control of Movement. Levels of Control of Movement Movements can range from simple to complex: The simplest movements are reflexive.

Figure 18.1 Motor components of the human basal ganglia.

Neuroscience Integrative medicine. 1. Neurons in the neostriatum are a. Inhibited by GABA released at corticostriate terminals b. Inhibited by GABA.

Dr. Mujahid Khan. Divisions  Midbrain is formally divided into dorsal and ventral parts at the level of cerebral aqueduct  The dorsal portion is known.

2 divisions of the nervous system PNS – Peripheral Nervous System CNS – Central Nervous System – brain, spinal cord.

1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 9. 2 The Structure and Cells of the Nervous System 3. What is the structure of the neuron? 1.What are the.

Extrapyramidal pathway

STRUCTURE AND CIRCUITS OF THE BASAL GANGLIA Rastislav Druga Inst. of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty.

Brain Mechanisms of Movement Lecture 19. Hierarchical Control of Movement n Association cortices & Basal Ganglia l strategy : goals & planning l based.

CONTROL OF MOVEMENT. NERVOUS SYSTEM Ultimate function of the nervous system Brain as the homunculus.

Introduction to Neurobiology Lecture 2: “Structure of the Nervous System; Basic concept in neuroanatomy” 1.

Direct motor pathway Corticospinal pathway. Motor Units – Large Versus Small Text Fig

Direct motor pathway Corticospinal pathway.

Department of Neuroscience

Organization of Neural Structures Involved in the Control of Movement

Zhejiang University Ling Shucai

Basal ganglia movement modulation

Organization of Neural Structures Involved in the Control of Movement

Basal ganglia function

Basal Ganglia April 28, 2019 basal ganglia.

Anatomy of the basal ganglia

BASAL NUCLEI. BASAL NUCLEI Basal Ganglia Functions Compare proprioceptive information and movement commands. Sequence movements. Regulate muscle tone.

Presentation transcript:

Michael S. Beauchamp, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX Motor Systems: Lecture 4

Hierarchical Organization and Functional Segregation of Central Motor Structures Level 4: Association Cortex Level 2: Brain Stem (Red Nucleus, Reticular Formation, Vestibular Nuclei, Tectum, Pontine Nuclei, Inferior Olive) Level 1: Spinal Cord Level 3: Motor Cortex Side Loop 1: Basal Ganglia (Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Substantia Nigra, Subthalamic Nucleus) Thalamus (VA,VL,CM) Side Loop 2: Cerebellum

Aflalo & Graziano, Neuron, 2007 Action Zones

From J. Nolte (2002) The Human Brain, 5 th Edition

Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia Nomenclature Lenticular nucleus Nucleus accumbens Caudate Putamen Globus pallidus Subthalamic nucleus Substantia nigra (Ventral Tegmental Area) Striatum or Neostriatum Corpus striatum

Ventral Tegmental Area

How the striatum got its name…

Basal ganglia have motor and nonmotor functions

Basal Ganglia Afferents

Basal Ganglia Efferents

Basal Ganglia Intrinsic Connections

Direct Pathway: select appropriate movements Indirect Pathway: inhibit inappropriate movements Functions

Direct Pathway E I I Cortex  striatum  GPint  thalamus +1 x –1 x –1 = +1 Direct Pathway excites motor cortex

Direct and Indirect Pathways

Indirect Pathway E I I E I Cortex  striatum  GPext  Subthalamic Nucleus  GPint  thalamus +1 x –1 x –1 x +1 x –1 = –1 Direct Pathway excites motor cortex Indirect Pathway inhibits motor cortex

Dopaminergic Input from Substantia Nigra Nigrostriatal pathway excites motor cortex by (1) exciting Direct Pathway (2) inhibiting Indirect Pathway

Functions of Basal Ganglia 1.Enable automatic performance of practiced motor acts 2.Gating the initiation of voluntary movements by modulating motor programs stored in the motor cortex 3.Cognitive functions

Aflalo & Graziano, Neuron, 2007 Action Zones

Functions of Basal Ganglia 1.Enable automatic performance of practiced motor acts 2.Gating the initiation of voluntary movements by modulating motor programs stored in the motor cortex 3.Cognitive functions

Role of the basal ganglia in exciting one motor program via direct pathway and inhibiting competing programs via indirect pathway

Dopamine neurons of substantia nigra signal unexpected reward or unexpected absence of reward

Dopaminergic Input from Substantia Nigra

Functions of Basal Ganglia 1.Enable automatic performance of practiced motor acts 2.Gating the initiation of voluntary movements by modulating motor programs stored in the motor cortex 3.Cognitive functions

Jog et al. (1999) Building Neural Representations of Habits. Science 286: Striatal Neurons and Response/Habit Learning

60% 40% 75% 25% 15% 85% 30% 70% Basal Ganglia Damage Impairs Probabilistic Classification Task

Disorders of Basal Ganglia 1. Huntington’s Disease 2. Parkinson’s Disease

From Kingsley RE (2000) Concise Text of Neuroscience, 2 nd Ed.

Parkinson’s Disease

Huntington’s Disease

Hierarchical Organization and Functional Segregation of Central Motor Structures Level 4: Association Cortex Level 2: Brain Stem (Red Nucleus, Reticular Formation, Vestibular Nuclei, Tectum, Pontine Nuclei, Inferior Olive) Level 1: Spinal Cord Level 3: Motor Cortex Side Loop 1: Basal Ganglia (Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Substantia Nigra, Subthalamic Nucleus) Thalamus (VA,VL,CM) Side Loop 2: Cerebellum