Animal Science II- Small Animal Unit C- The Small Animal Care Industry

Competency 6.00 Interpret the status of the small animal industry today.

Objective Explain how the small animal care industry is important to society Explain how the small animal care industry is important to society

Assignment Title your notes today Small Animal Industry Title your notes today Small Animal Industry Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry can benefit society in general. Put a few of your own ideas in you notebook. Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry can benefit society in general. Put a few of your own ideas in you notebook.

Benefits of Small Animals 1. Economic $32 billion to national economy $32 billion to national economy 2. Companions to 60% of American Families 1. Children learn responsibility 2. Improves quality of life for elderly 3. Product testing Develop drugs and vaccines Develop drugs and vaccines

Benefits of Small Animals 4. Pet therapy Relieve depression Relieve depression Reduces heart disease Reduces heart disease 5. Watch dogs, seeing eye dogs 6. Rabbit meat Low in cholesterol, sodium and fat Low in cholesterol, sodium and fat 7. Fur and wool

Benefits of Small Animals 8. Exhibition 9. Rabbits provide multiple benefits Pets Pets Food Food Clothing Clothing Research Research

Economics Retail pet stores 1. $21 billion in sales 2. Biomedical research 1. Supported by $15 million in taxes million small animals 3. Education 1. 6 million used for dissection

Economics 4. 4 million small animals used in the LD50 test 5. Americans spending on pets $20.3 billion $20.3 billion

Economics 6. Veterinary expenses $11 billion annually $11 billion annually Dogs cost twice as much as cats Dogs cost twice as much as cats 7. Pet food sales $9 billion $9 billion

Pet Ownership- Dogs There are approximately 65 million owned dogs in the United States There are approximately 65 million owned dogs in the United States Most owners (65%) own one dog Most owners (65%) own one dog 33% of owners own two dogs 33% of owners own two dogs 12% of owners own three or more dogs 12% of owners own three or more dogs Slightly more male dogs are owned than female dogs Slightly more male dogs are owned than female dogs Eighteen percent of owned dogs were adopted from an animal shelter Eighteen percent of owned dogs were adopted from an animal shelter On average, dog owners spent $263 on veterinary related expenses in the past 12 months On average, dog owners spent $263 on veterinary related expenses in the past 12 months Seventy-two percent of owned dogs are spayed or neutered Seventy-two percent of owned dogs are spayed or neutered Source: American Pet Products Manufacturers Association (APPMA) National Pet Owners Survey

Pet Ownership- Cats Approximately 77.6 million owned cats in the United States Approximately 77.6 million owned cats in the United States 34% of U.S. households own at least one cat 34% of U.S. households own at least one cat On average, owners have two cats (2.2) On average, owners have two cats (2.2) Slightly more female cats are owned than male cats Slightly more female cats are owned than male cats 16% of owned cats were adopted from an animal shelter 16% of owned cats were adopted from an animal shelter Cat owners spent an average of $113 on veterinary related expenses in the past 12 months Cat owners spent an average of $113 on veterinary related expenses in the past 12 months Eighty-four percent of owned cats are spayed or neutered Eighty-four percent of owned cats are spayed or neutered Source: American Pet Products Manufacturers Association (APPMA) National Pet Owners Survey

Dogs, Cats & The Rest There are 7 million more cats than dogs There are 7 million more cats than dogs Most cat owners average two cats Most cat owners average two cats Dogs are found in more households than cats Dogs are found in more households than cats Fish Fish Birds Birds Rabbits Rabbits

Objective Discuss the skills needed for employment in the small animal industry Discuss the skills needed for employment in the small animal industry

Job Types Care and management industry Care and management industry Pets Pets Lab animals Lab animals Zoo animals Zoo animals Health Health Training Training Food and equipment supply Food and equipment supply

Job Types Pharmaceutical and biotechnology research Pharmaceutical and biotechnology research Hospitals Hospitals Universities Universities Labs Labs Private firms Private firms

Job Types Exhibitors Exhibitors Operates animals acts Operates animals acts Carnivals Carnivals Circus Circus Fairs (Cleveland County Fair) Fairs (Cleveland County Fair) Zoo Zoo Marine mammal displays Marine mammal displays

Care and Management Jobs 1. Pet care worker Boarding kennels Boarding kennels Animal hospitals Animal hospitals Shelters Shelters Pet stores Pet stores Training schools Training schools Pet grooming parlors Pet grooming parlors

Care and Management Jobs 2. Kennel attendants Feeds and cares for animals Feeds and cares for animals Cleans Cleans 3. Animal groomers Bathes, brushes & trims hair and nails Bathes, brushes & trims hair and nails 4. Dog trainers Teaches the dog to obey signals or commands Teaches the dog to obey signals or commands

Care and Management Jobs 5. Small Animal Breeders Raises & markets fur-bearing animals Raises & markets fur-bearing animals Usually specialized for one breed Usually specialized for one breed 6. Pet shop owners and managers 7. Dealers Sell lab animals Sell lab animals Research Research education education

Care and Management Jobs 8. Veterinarians (DVM) Control animal injuries and disease Control animal injuries and disease Disease prevention Disease prevention Inspection Inspection o Meat and animals products Surgery Surgery Establish diets Establish diets Prescribe medications Prescribe medications

Care and Management Jobs 9. Vet. Technicians 1. Assist veterinarians and other staff Skills needed: Skills needed: Previous experience as a keeper Previous experience as a keeper Part-time volunteer work Part-time volunteer work Shelters Shelters Pet shops Pet shops clinics clinics

Objective Discuss medical terminology used by those working in the veterinarian phase of the small animal care industry Discuss medical terminology used by those working in the veterinarian phase of the small animal care industry

Medical Terminology Components of medical terminology Components of medical terminology Prefix Prefix Beginning of the word indicating: Beginning of the word indicating: Number Number Location Location Time Time Status Status Root words Root words Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of a word Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of a word

Medical Terminology Suffixes Suffixes Word part at the end of a word indicating: Word part at the end of a word indicating: Procedure Procedure Condition Condition Disease Disease Disorder Disorder

Medical Prefixes 1. a-, an- without, lack of Anemia- without blood Anemia- without blood 2. anti- against, opposing Antiseptic- against infection Antiseptic- against infection 3. bi- two, double, twice Bilateral- two sides Bilateral- two sides 4. dys- painful, difficult, abnormal Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colon Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colon 5. pre- before Preoperative- before surgery Preoperative- before surgery

Medical Root Words 1. carp wrist wrist carpel- pertaining to the wrist carpel- pertaining to the wrist 2. cardi heart heart cardiology- study of the heart cardiology- study of the heart 3. dors back back dorsal- relating to the back dorsal- relating to the back

Medical Root Words 4. dent, odont teeth teeth dentist- person who works with teeth dentist- person who works with teeth 5. Gastr stomach stomach gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach 6. Gingiv gums gums gingivitis- inflammation of the gums gingivitis- inflammation of the gums 7. phleb, ven vein vein phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins

Medical Suffixes algia algia Pain Pain arthralgia- painful joints arthralgia- painful joints centesis centesis Procedure to remove fluid Procedure to remove fluid Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder itis itis inflammation inflammation bronchitis bronchitis rrhea rrhea Flow or discharge Flow or discharge diarrhea diarrhea

Positional Terminology Ventral Ventral Cranial Cranial Anterior Anterior Posterior Posterior Dorsal Dorsal Caudal Caudal Dorsal (frontal) plane Dorsal (frontal) plane Transversal plane Transversal plane

Positional Terminology

Dorsal (frontal) plane Transversal plane

Positional Terminology

Visit the following website to view a Virtual Cat Dissection Visit the following website to view a Virtual Cat Dissection External Anatomy Link External Anatomy Link

General Terminology 1. Antisepsis 2. Biopsy 3. Catheterization 4. Clutch

General Terminology 5. Colostrum 6. Contact transmission 7. Endogenous 8. Exogenous 9. Incubation

General Terminology 10. Infectious disease 11. Pocket pets 12. Preventative health care programs 13. Quarantine 14. Spaying 15. Neutering

Objective Summarize animal rights and animal welfare Summarize animal rights and animal welfare

Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare Animal Welfare Human treatment Human Use Food & Clothing Medical Research Product Testing Minimum discomfort

Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare Animal Rights Use is Wrong Ethically Morally Against Vivisection Use for Food & Clothing Experiments Therapy methods

Animal Welfare Legislation The Bodies of Liberty 1641 The Bodies of Liberty 1641 The Bodies of Liberty 1 st law to protect farm animals 1 st law to protect farm animals 2. 1 st anticruelty act passed New York Legislature New York Legislature American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) formed

Animal Welfare Legislation Animal Transportation Act Humane Slaughter Act Laboratory Animal Welfare Act Horse Protection Act

The Vote? Do animals have rights? Do animals have rights? Should animals be used for food? Should animals be used for food? Should animals be used for experimentation? Should animals be used for experimentation? Should hunting and trapping of animals be allowed? Should hunting and trapping of animals be allowed?

Assignment Option #1 On a clean sheet of paper On a clean sheet of paper Prepare an editorial for the local news paper outlining your position on one of the previous questions Prepare an editorial for the local news paper outlining your position on one of the previous questions You should use appropriate grammar and spelling for a public response You should use appropriate grammar and spelling for a public response Once you finish your rough draft, type your final response in a 12 point font Once you finish your rough draft, type your final response in a 12 point font Your editorial should be one page in length Your editorial should be one page in length

On a clean sheet of paper On a clean sheet of paper Prepare a short speech that may be given at a public forum or town hall meeting. Prepare a short speech that may be given at a public forum or town hall meeting. Your speech should use the format taught in class and should outline your position on one of the previous questions Your speech should use the format taught in class and should outline your position on one of the previous questions Your speech must be given in class and it must last at least 2 minutes Your speech must be given in class and it must last at least 2 minutes Assignment Option #2

Objective Discuss techniques and risk involved when working with small animals Discuss techniques and risk involved when working with small animals

Zoonoses A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans Example: Rabies

Rabies A viral disease A viral disease Affects the nervous system Affects the nervous system Contracted by: Contracted by: Bites Bites Scratches Scratches Saliva Saliva

Rabies Immunization is recommended when in doubt Immunization is recommended when in doubt Children five to nine receive the most animals bites Children five to nine receive the most animals bites 5% report bites 5% report bites More than measles, mumps, chicken pox, and whooping cough More than measles, mumps, chicken pox, and whooping cough Most domestic animals are not infected if vaccinated regularly Most domestic animals are not infected if vaccinated regularly

Rabies First Aid: First Aid: Wash the affected area Wash the affected area Use soap and water Use soap and water Tetanus shot Tetanus shot If booster has not been received in 5 years If booster has not been received in 5 years Worker protection: Worker protection: 3 intradermal injections over three weeks 3 intradermal injections over three weeks 2 intramuscular injections if exposed 2 intramuscular injections if exposed

Toxoplasmosis Disease from Toxoplasma gondii parasite Disease from Toxoplasma gondii parasite Usually carried by cats Usually carried by cats Infected by ingesting contaminated mice Infected by ingesting contaminated mice Spread by: Spread by: Cat feces Cat feces Contaminated cat litter Contaminated cat litter Affects those with suppressed immune system Affects those with suppressed immune system

Toxoplasmosis Symptoms: Symptoms: Fever Fever Headache Headache Swollen lymph glands Swollen lymph glands Cough Cough Sore throat Sore throat Congestion Congestion Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Rash Rash

Toxoplasmosis Concern for pregnant women Concern for pregnant women Miscarriage Miscarriage Premature babies Premature babies Blindness in babies Blindness in babies Prevention: Prevention: Disposable gloves when cleaning litter box Disposable gloves when cleaning litter box Thoroughly washing hands Thoroughly washing hands Get a dog instead! Get a dog instead!

Ringworm Fungal disease Fungal disease Skin lesion: Skin lesion: Round Round Scaly and encrusted Scaly and encrusted Loss of hair at site Loss of hair at site Spread by direct contact Spread by direct contact Indirectly by equipment Indirectly by equipment Treatment: Treatment: Iodine soap or antifungal drugs Iodine soap or antifungal drugs

Psittacosis (Parrot Fever) Contracted by caged birds of the Psittacosis family Contracted by caged birds of the Psittacosis family Transmitted through feces and fecal dust Transmitted through feces and fecal dust Bacteria Bacteria Prevention: Prevention: Wear dust mask Wear dust mask Eliminating mites and lice Eliminating mites and lice Spraying disinfectants Spraying disinfectants

Psittacosis (Parrot Fever) Symptoms: Symptoms: Coughing Coughing Chest pains Chest pains Fever Fever Chills Chills Weakness Weakness Vomiting Vomiting Muscular pain Muscular pain Antibiotics used as treatment Antibiotics used as treatment

Cat-scratch fever Non-serious Non-serious Cat bites and scratches Cat bites and scratches Symptoms: Symptoms: Localized swelling and soreness Localized swelling and soreness Treated with antibiotics Treated with antibiotics Affected area may be slow to heal Affected area may be slow to heal

Cat-scratch fever

Samonellosis Caused by the Salmonella bacteria Caused by the Salmonella bacteria Children and elderly most at risk Children and elderly most at risk Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection: Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection: Abdominal pain Abdominal pain Vomiting Vomiting Diarrhea for 4-7 days Diarrhea for 4-7 days Pet turtles and reptiles Pet turtles and reptiles Most likely to infect humans Most likely to infect humans

Streptococcal Bacteria Bacteria Results in sore throat Results in sore throat Can be transmitted by dogs Can be transmitted by dogs Treated with penicillin Treated with penicillin

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Cause coagulation of the blood Cause coagulation of the blood Fever Fever Headaches Headaches Nausea & Vomiting Nausea & Vomiting Skin rash Skin rash Death if not treated Death if not treated Primarily passed by the American dog tick Primarily passed by the American dog tick 6 other species can carry the disease 6 other species can carry the disease

Lyme Disease First case in 1969 in Wisconsin First case in 1969 in Wisconsin Named in 1977 Named in 1977 Lyme Connecticut Lyme Connecticut Children developed arthritic condition Children developed arthritic condition Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferi) Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferi) Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 days Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 days

Lyme Disease Flu like symptoms Flu like symptoms Painful joints Painful joints Fatigue may last for months Fatigue may last for months Can damage internal organs without treatment Antibiotics used as treatment Can damage internal organs without treatment Antibiotics used as treatment Tetracycline (adults) Tetracycline (adults) Amoxicillin (children) Amoxicillin (children) Vaccines can be administered Vaccines can be administered

Parasites Gain subsistence from a host organism Gain subsistence from a host organism Ticks Ticks Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted fever Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted fever Five species carry Lyme disease Five species carry Lyme disease

Parasites Ascarids (Toxocara species) & Hookworms Ascarids (Toxocara species) & Hookworms Affect dogs and cats Affect dogs and cats May be passed to humans May be passed to humans Fever Fever Headache Headache De-worming cats and dogs most effective preventative method De-worming cats and dogs most effective preventative method

Parasites Tapeworm Tapeworm Echinococcus granuosus Echinococcus granuosus CA, UT, AZ, NM CA, UT, AZ, NM Echinococcus multilocularus Echinococcus multilocularus Located in upper Midwest (cool climate) Located in upper Midwest (cool climate) Occasionally carried by dogs and cats Occasionally carried by dogs and cats Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD) Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD) Rare Rare Potentially fatal (50-70%) Potentially fatal (50-70%) Parasitic tumors of the liver Parasitic tumors of the liver May go unnoticed for years May go unnoticed for years Avoid hand to mouth contact Avoid hand to mouth contact

Tapeworm

Life Cycle of AHD

Safety Assignment: Assignment: Read page 21 in your textbook Read page 21 in your textbook Know the 13 safety guidelines for working in the small animals industry Know the 13 safety guidelines for working in the small animals industry