Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide 2005 Adults Ages 15-49 with HIV 15.01% - 34.0% 5.01% - 15.0% 1.01% - 5.0% 0.51% - 1.0% 0.0% - 0.5% Not available Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

People Living with HIV, by Region Distribution, 2005 In 2005, an estimated 38.6 million adults and children worldwide were living with HIV. Sixty-three percent of the world’s HIV population lives in sub-Saharan Africa. Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding. Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

Notes on People Living with HIV, by Region In 2005, an estimated 38.6 million adults and children worldwide were living with HIV. Sixty-three percent of the world’s HIV population lives in sub-Saharan Africa.

HIV Demographics, Worldwide Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Demographics, Africa Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Sub-Saharan Africa Rest of the World The proportion of people living with HIV who are adult women (ages 15 to 49) is 1.9 times higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other regions. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV is spread predominantly through heterosexual activity, women account for more than half of the 24.5 million people living with HIV. In other regions, the proportion of people living with HIV who are women drops to an average of around one-third. Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

Notes on HIV Demographics, Africa The proportion of people living with HIV who are adult women (ages 15 to 49) is 1.9 times higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other regions. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV is spread predominantly through heterosexual activity, women account for more than half of the 24.5 million people living with HIV. In other regions, the proportion of people living with HIV who are women drops to an average of around one-third.

HIV Demographics, Caribbean Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Demographics, East Asia Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Demographics, Eastern Europe/Central Asia Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding. Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Demographics, Latin America Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Demographics, North Africa/Middle East Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Demographics, South/Southeast Asia Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

Adults with HIV Who are Women 2005 Percent Women make up almost one-half of HIV-infections worldwide and 59 percent of infections in sub-Saharan Africa, where the virus is spread predominantly through heterosexual transmission and has reached the general population. In a generalized epidemic, women’s low status and inability to negotiate with men puts them at great risk of contracting the disease. Women account for smaller percentages of infected people where the AIDS epidemic is limited to high-risk populations such as injecting drug users or men having sex with men. Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

Notes on Adults with HIV Who are Women Women make up almost one-half of HIV-infections worldwide and 59 percent of infections in sub-Saharan Africa, where the virus is spread predominantly through heterosexual transmission and has reached the general population. In a generalized epidemic, women’s low status and inability to negotiate with men puts them at great risk of contracting the disease. Women account for smaller percentages of infected people where the AIDS epidemic is limited to high-risk populations such as injecting drug users or men having sex with men.

Effect of AIDS on Life Expectancy 2015-2020 Projections for Selected Countries Life expectancy at birth, in years AIDS has reduced life expectancy in several countries around the world. In Lesotho, for example, without accounting for the impact of AIDS, life expectancy would have been 69 years; however, with AIDS, life expectancy has dropped to 39 years. Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

Notes on Effect of AIDS on Life Expectancy 2015-2020 AIDS has reduced life expectancy in several countries around the world. In Lesotho, for example, without accounting for the impact of AIDS, life expectancy would have been 69 years; however, with AIDS, life expectancy has dropped to 39 years.

AIDS’ Toll on Population Structure, South Africa Population Structure in 2020 Millions Age 80+ 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Females Males With AIDS Without AIDS Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (CD-ROM Edition—Extended Dataset), 2005.

South Africa’s Population With and Without AIDS Millions Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (CD-ROM Edition—Extended Dataset), 2005.

Effect of AIDS on Child Mortality Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2002-2005 Deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births Source: UNAIDS and UNICEF, A Call to Action: Children, The Missing Face of AIDS, 2005; and United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

Increase in Children Orphaned By AIDS Sub-Saharan Africa Millions of children under age 18 Note: Estimate of children who lost at least one parent to an AIDS-related cause. Source: UNAIDS, UNICEF, and USAID, Children on the Brink 2004.

Children Orphaned by AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa Distribution of Orphans, by Country, 2005 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.

HIV Testing Models for Different Settings Doorway to Prevention and Access to Care Mandatory Immigration Work-related Custodial settings Blood Safety Blood products Surveillance Anonymous Population Level Individual Level VCT Youth Most-at-risk- populations Couples Family planning Routine Testing STI Antenatal TB clinics Community- Based Door-to-door Mobile Outreach Diagnostic Clinical settings HBC Symptomatic Prevention and Access to Care Note: STI: Sexually transmitted infections, TB: Tuberculosis, VCT: Voluntary counseling and testing, HBC: Home-based care Source: Family Health International, 2006.