Promoting the implementation of SFM in the tropics Sustainable Forest Management: International Experiences and Mexican Perspectives 22-25 September 2014, Mexico City Promoting the implementation of SFM in the tropics Steve Johnson Assistant Director, Trade and Industry International Tropical Timber Organization 1

Early Warnings The Limits to Growth Our Common Future Rio Summit 1992 In line with people-centered approach of SGI Contribution of SGI to Rio Summit and development of Earth Charter which is consistent with Rio Declaration

Tropical Deforestation Rates 1970-1980: 11.3 million ha/yr 1980-1990: 16.4 million ha/yr 1990-2000: 16 million ha/yr 2000-2005: 13 million ha/yr 2005-2010: 11 million ha/yr

Agenda 21 on sustainable development Outcomes of the Rio Earth Summit (1992) Rio Declaration Forest principles Agenda 21 on sustainable development CBD UNFCCC UNCCD In line with people-centered approach of SGI Contribution of SGI to Rio Summit and development of Earth Charter which is consistent with Rio Declaration

Tropical forests sustainably managed in 1988 Less than 1 million ha IIED published report ‘No Timber Without Trees’

ITTO Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests 41 principles 36 possible actions Areas covered: Policy & legislation Forest management Socio-economic & financial aspects

Criteria and Indicators (C&I) Better understanding of SFM Consistency in reporting Basis for certification 5 criteria and 27 indicators at national level 6 criteria and 23 indicators at FMU level

C&I Workshops and Activities 28 training workshops organized More than US$ 30 million in C&I activities, including workshops 150 countries

ITTO Guidelines Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests (1991) Guidelines for the Establishment and Sustainable Management of Planted Tropical Forests (1993) Guidelines on the Conservation of Biodiversity in Tropical Production Forests (1993) Participation of experts from producer countries in events Side-event at UNFF 3 and World Forestry Congress Website redevelopment Professional-quality photos from ITTO projects

Guidelines on Fire Management (1998) ITTO Guidelines Guidelines on Fire Management (1998) Guidelines for the Restoration, Manage- ment and Rehabilitation of Degraded and Secondary Tropical Forests (2002) ITTO/IUCN Guidelines for the Conserva- tion and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Tropical Timber Production Forests (2009) Voluntary guidelines for the sustainable management of natural tropical forests (2014) Participation of experts from producer countries in events Side-event at UNFF 3 and World Forestry Congress Website redevelopment Professional-quality photos from ITTO projects

Central African Republic Diagnostic Missions since 2000 Region Country Mission Date Africa Cameroon September 2008 Central African Republic March 2002 Republic of Congo October 2001 Gabon January 2005 Côte d’Ivoire August 2008 Liberia May 2005 Nigeria August 2007 Togo February 2008 Asia-Pacific Cambodia September 2004 Fiji October 2004 India April 2006 Indonesia September 2001 Papua New Guinea February 2007 Philippines May 2003 Thailand March 2006 Latin America Brazil Ecuador April 2004 Guyana October 2002 Mexico Panama August 2004 Peru June 2003 Suriname August 2003 Trinidad and Tobago December 2002 Participation of experts from producer countries in events Side-event at UNFF 3 and World Forestry Congress Website redevelopment Professional-quality photos from ITTO projects

Forest Industry Support Participation of experts from producer countries in events Side-event at UNFF 3 and World Forestry Congress Website redevelopment Professional-quality photos from ITTO projects

Certified Timber Participation of experts from producer countries in events Side-event at UNFF 3 and World Forestry Congress Website redevelopment Professional-quality photos from ITTO projects

Certification Origin: unsustainable management of tropical forests Process: C & I  audits  certification Certified area in tropical countries: 40 mill ha (2011), mostly FSC and MTCC (PEFC growing) Share of tropical countries in global certified forest area still small (around 10% of total) Participation of experts from producer countries in events Side-event at UNFF 3 and World Forestry Congress Website redevelopment Professional-quality photos from ITTO projects

SFM Tropics 2005 36 million ha sustainably managed 25 million ha for production 11 million ha for protection Asia-Pacific: 20 million ha Africa: 6 million ha Latin America: 10 million ha

SFM Tropics 2011 53 million ha sustainably managed 30 million ha for production 23 million ha for protection Asia-Pacific: 20 million ha Africa: 11 million ha Latin America: 22 million ha

Biodiversity Expedition in Sarawak Vegetation survey Fauna survey Local community involvement

Lanjak-Entimau – Betung Kerihun 1 million ha biodiversity conservation area

Transboundary Conservation Areas Region Countries Area Borneo Sarawak, Malaysia & Kalimantan, Indonesia 2.71 m ha Emerald Triangle Forest Complex Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR 0.36 m ha Kabo-Ndoki Region Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic 1.30 m ha Mengamé-Minkébé Gorilla Sanctuary Cameroon, Gabon 0.14 m ha Cordillera del Condor Ecuador, Peru 2.42 m ha Tambopata-Madidi Protected Area Peru, Bolivia 4.20 m ha Total 11.13 m ha Contribution to decade of biodiversity New opportunities

MOU with CBD

The ITTO Thematic Programmes TP concept adopted in 2008 REDDES TFLET TMT CFME IDE REDDES TFLET CFME SFM TFLET and TMT more closely linked with the issue of legality. TMT IDE

Global Financial Requirement for SFM Notable Figures on Financing Global Financial Requirement for SFM UNCED (1992)--------------------- ---US$31.25 b/yr Pretoria Workshop (1996) ------ ---US$33 b/yr ITTO (for all tropical forests)---- ---US$11 b/yr UNFF (2006)1 ---------------------- ---US$69.3 b/yr UNFCCC (to halve DD) (2007)2 --US$20 b/yr Note: 1 From “Brief study on funding and finance for forestry and forest-based sector” commissioned by UNFF Secretariat; Related disinvestments, including compensation for deforestation and forest degradation, are added. 2 From “Financing flows and needs to implement the Non-legally Binding Instrument on All types of Forests” prepared for AGF of CPF; Opportunity costs for REDD and afforestation/reforestation costs are included.

Notable Challenges Financing tropical SFM Market access Negative perceptions of tropical timber Competing land uses Poor governance Equitable benefit sharing and stakeholder involvement

ITTO-CITES Programme Good example showing ITTO’s approach to promoting SFM Focus on products from 8 tropical tree species listed in CITES Appendices Assistance provided to facilitate management plans, inventories, non-detriment findings, wood identification, etc $15 million funding since 2007; more funds being sought for new phase to start in 2015/16

ITTO-CITES Programme

Promoting sustainable development through trade, conservation and best-practice forest management in tropical countries Website: www.itto.int Email: itto@itto.int; johnson@itto.int