Dr. Kurt Bumby Center for Effective Public Policy Panel Presentation at the United States Sentencing Commission’s Symposium on Alternatives to Incarceration.

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Presentation transcript:

Dr. Kurt Bumby Center for Effective Public Policy Panel Presentation at the United States Sentencing Commission’s Symposium on Alternatives to Incarceration July 14, 2008 Washington, DC A Brief Overview of Sex Offender Management

(Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2007) Percentage of Arrests Nationwide Attributed to Sex Offenses * * Forcible rape, other sex offenses (including hands-on and hands-off offenses )

(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007) Percentage of Federal Prosecutions Attributed to Child Sex Exploitation Offenses * * Child pornography, transportation for illegal sexual activity, sex abuse

National Trends in Sex Offender Management Arrests for sex offenses (state level) Arrests/prosecutions for sex crimes (Federal level) Sex offenders incarcerated in state and Federal prisons Sex offenders placed on public registries Sex offenders requiring monitoring and/or supervision by law enforcement and/or probation/parole officials Sex offender-specific legislation introduced and enacted

Diversity of Sex Offenders Label implies homogeneity –Research and practice reveal heterogeneity –Differences between adult and juvenile offenders Key variations –Initiation and maintenance factors –Targets, behaviors –Intervention needs –Recidivism

Observed Recidivism Rates Over Time: Adult Sex Offenders as a Homogenous Group (Harris & Hanson, 2004)

Observed Recidivism Rates of Adult Sex Offenders Over Time By Subgroup Recidivism rate N = 4,724 (Harris & Hanson, 2004)

Recidivism Rates: Previous Conviction vs. No Previous Conviction (Harris & Hanson, 2004) N = 4,724

Recidivism Findings View through the under-reporting lens Detected sexual recidivism rates relatively low –More likely to be non-sexual Rates differ by subgroups

Static Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Recidivism Among Adult Sex Offenders Prior sex offenses Prior non-sex offenses Prior non-contact sex offenses Unrelated victims Stranger victims Male victims (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005)

Dynamic Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Recidivism Among Adult Sex Offenders Victim access Deviant sexual interests Attitudes supportive of offending Intimacy deficits, conflicts in intimate relationships Impulsivity Substance abuse Supervision compliance Collapse of social supports –Family –Residence –Work (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005)

Implications Policies, legislation Prosecution, sentencing Probation/parole supervision Treatment interventions Release, reentry Victim needs and interests

Unique Challenges of Sex Offender Management Under-reporting, under-detection Heightened attention, scrutiny Widespread myths, misinformation Negative public sentiment Exacerbated housing and employment challenges Unknown impact, collateral consequences of sex offender-specific policy trends

ReentryTreatmentAssessment Investigation, Prosecution, and Sentencing Registration and Notification Supervision Fundamental Principles 1.Victim-Centeredness 2.Specialized Knowledge/Training 3.Public Education 4.Monitoring and Evaluation 5.Collaboration The Comprehensive Approach to Sex Offender Management (Carter, Bumby, & Talbot, 2004)