Chapter 9 Industrialization Spreads & Reform

Industrialization Spreads United States – Samuel Slater – Lowell, Massachusetts – Textiles, clothing, shoemaking – Factories – Railroads – Natural resources – Corporations – stock

Industrialization Spreads Continental Europe – Belgium: iron ore, coal, water, people – Germany – Pockets of countries Bohemia Catalonia Northern Italy France Ruhr Valley

Industrialization Spreads Japan – Mejii – Textile mills – Coal mines – Shipyards – Investment – economy

Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global inequality Crystal Palace Economic power Communication Life expectancy increased Middle class Greater democratic participation Social Reform

9.4 Reform Laissez Faire – Wealth of Nations – Adam Smith – Hands off – Free market – Increase class tensions – New urban society – Survival of the fittest=social Darwinism

Socialism Thomas Moore-Utopia Jeremy Bentham-Utilitarianism, greatest good for the greatest number, co-operative system, legal reform, prison reform Robert Owen- New Harmony 1825, factors of production owned by public for good of all, optimistic, belief in progress, social justice

Socialism People’s society Government takes action Government intervenes Government helps people Government implements action plans

Communism Karl Marx & Freidrich Engels Communist Manifesto haves= Bourgeoisie Have nots= Proletariat Conflict between the two Blame capitalism for conditions and conflict

Communism Future: workers revolution, proletariat overthrow Bourgeoisie, state & government will wither away and then there would be pure COMMUNISM Pure Communism= complete sharing of all goods and services, no need for government

Unions Workers join together Collective bargaining= negotiate contracts Strike= refuse to work

Reform Movements Child labor laws Women labor laws Abolition of slavery Women’s rights movement begins Public education= Horace Mann