Enlightenment Ideas Spread The American Revolution

French Salons French Salons Paris=cultural & intellectual capital of Europe Paris=cultural & intellectual capital of Europe People came here to study & enjoy culture People came here to study & enjoy culture Salons: social gatherings where intellectuals would discuss ideas Salons: social gatherings where intellectuals would discuss ideas Diderot: encyclopedia (articles from leading thinkers of the time) Diderot: encyclopedia (articles from leading thinkers of the time) French gov’t & church began censoring French gov’t & church began censoring Said it encouraged revolt (just wait!!!) Said it encouraged revolt (just wait!!!)

New Artistic Styles Baroque: dominant style during 1600s Baroque: dominant style during 1600s Grand, ornate, elaborate (Palace of Versailles) Grand, ornate, elaborate (Palace of Versailles) Neoclassical (“new classical”): emerged during Enlightenment Neoclassical (“new classical”): emerged during Enlightenment Simple, elegant Simple, elegant Borrowed from ancient Greece & Rome Borrowed from ancient Greece & Rome

BAROQUE

NEOCLASSICAL

Enlightened Monarchs Despot=“absolute ruler” Despot=“absolute ruler” Enlightened despot: rulers that embraced new ideas of Enlightenment Enlightened despot: rulers that embraced new ideas of Enlightenment Many philosophes tried to get monarchs to rule while respecting people’s rights Many philosophes tried to get monarchs to rule while respecting people’s rights Frederick the Great (Prussia) Frederick the Great (Prussia) Religious freedoms-reformed justice system Religious freedoms-reformed justice system Improved education-abolished torture Improved education-abolished torture “the first servant of the state” “the first servant of the state”

Enlightened Monarchs Joseph II (Austria) Joseph II (Austria) Freedom of press Freedom of press Freedom of religion Freedom of religion Peasants/serfs paid w/ $ Peasants/serfs paid w/ $ Catherine the Great Catherine the Great wrote letters w/ Voltaire wrote letters w/ Voltaire Proposed Proposed Religious toleration Religious toleration Abolishing torture & capital punishment Abolishing torture & capital punishment Didn’t happen Didn’t happen Expanded Russia (took over much land) Expanded Russia (took over much land)

The Revolutionary War Britain has huge debt from French Indian War (war w/ France over American territory) Britain has huge debt from French Indian War (war w/ France over American territory) Britain expected colonists to help pay for the war Britain expected colonists to help pay for the war Pass Stamp Act (tax on any stamp put on anything) Pass Stamp Act (tax on any stamp put on anything) “taxation without representation” “taxation without representation” Boston Tea Party!!! Boston Tea Party!!! Shots exchanged Lexington & Concord Shots exchanged Lexington & Concord Revolutionary War begins Revolutionary War begins

Influence of Enlightenment Colonial leaders used ideas of Enl. to justify revolution Colonial leaders used ideas of Enl. to justify revolution Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Written by Thomas Jefferson JOHN LOCKE!!! JOHN LOCKE!!! natural rights natural rights rebel against oppressive gov’t rebel against oppressive gov’t Americans win their independence! Americans win their independence!

Creating a Constitution (Hooray for Montesquieu!) Constitution=how the gov’t works, laws the gov’t must follow Constitution=how the gov’t works, laws the gov’t must follow Federal system: power is divided b/w national & state gov’ts Federal system: power is divided b/w national & state gov’ts 3 branches 3 branches checks & balances checks & balances Montesquieu!!! Montesquieu!!!

Creating a Government (You rock Locke & Rousseau!) Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty Gov’t gets its power from consent of the people Gov’t gets its power from consent of the people Republic (representative gov’t) Republic (representative gov’t) Locke Locke Elections (president, congress) Elections (president, congress) Rousseau!!! Rousseau!!!

Bill of Rights (Woohoo Voltaire & Beccaria!) Individual Rights Individual Rights Bill of Rights Bill of Rights Freedom of speech & religion Freedom of speech & religion Voltaire!!! Voltaire!!! accused have rights (fair speedy trials, etc) accused have rights (fair speedy trials, etc) No torture (cruel & unusual punishment) No torture (cruel & unusual punishment) Beccaria!!! Beccaria!!!