Proletariat: In Marxist theory, the group of workers who would overthrow the Czar and come to rule Russia. Chapter 14 cont…

Lenin’s New Economic Policy Lenin’s economic policy was designed to rebuild the Soviet economy. The N.E.P. represented a more capitalism-oriented economic policy, deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1917 to 1920, to foster the economy of the country, which was almost ruined.

Revolution of 1917 One of the main causes of the Revolution was: A. food shortages B. Lenin’s return C. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Revolution of 1917 One of the main causes of the Revolution was: A. food shortages B. Lenin’s return C. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Beijing University students came out on to the streets of the capital in May 1919, to protest against China’s shoddy treatment by its Western allies at the Treaty of Versailles. It started a patriotic movement against imperialism which soon spread to other major cities in China. RESENTMENT AT... The Versailles peace settlement, 1919, which rewarded Japan but not China eg. The German- held Chinese port of Kiaochow was given to Japan. ‘Warlordism’ which marked China’s weakness and disunity. Increasing Japanese aggression and exploitation – The Twenty-one Demands, 1915 which gave Japan wide economic advantages within China. China’s relative backwardness both economically and politically created a deep desire for reform and modernisation. Resentment at foreign control over China’s economy

China May 4 th Movement: A national protest in 1919 in which people demonstrated against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign interference.

China The Long March: A 6,000 mile journey made by Chinese Communists, fleeing the Nationalists party of China. In China two groups formed the Nationalists and the Communists. A Civil War started between the two groups. Nationalists wanted a Capitalist economy Communists wanted a government run economy San Francisco, CA. to New York, NY. and back again.

CAPITALISM v COMMUNISM “All industry, business and farming should be owned by private people or firms. Competition between rival factories or shops or farms will cause prices to fall, and make firms more efficient.” “Everything belongs to the state and should be run by the government on behalf of the people. A classless society achieved by overthrowing capitalism by revolution.” Any person should be free to start a business Any PROFIT he or she makes is reward for hard work. Average standard of living higher than under Communism, but a wide spread between rich and poor. Opportunity for all A free economy Choice of many parties for Government, chosen by the people. A democracy. No private person should be allowed to profit from the work of other citizens. All profits, instead of going into the pockets of one owner or even shareholders, goes to the state – everyone benefits Lower than average standard of living, but (in theory) everyone equal. Fairness and equality for all A controlled economy Only ONE party of Government – no need for any more.

China What was the problem with China having both a Nationalist and a Communist Party? A. Civil War B. A Capitalist mindset C. Less money for the people

China What was the problem with China having both a Nationalist and a Communist Party? A. Civil War B. A Capitalist mindset C. Less money for the people

India Civil Disobedience: The deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, which uses nonviolence as the means to achieve independence.

India The Salt March: A famous protest used by Mohandis K. Gandhi to protest the British monopoly on Salt. Britain's Salt Acts prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in the Indian diet. Citizens were forced to buy the vital mineral from the British, who, in addition to exercising a monopoly over the manufacture and sale of salt, also exerted a heavy salt tax. Defying the Salt Acts, Gandhi reasoned, would be an ingeniously simple way for many Indians to break a British law nonviolently. He declared resistance to British salt policies to be the unifying theme for his campaign of mass civil disobedience.

Gandhi On March 12, Gandhi set out from Sabarmati with 78 followers on a 241-mile march to the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea. There, Gandhi and his supporters were to defy British policy by making salt from seawater. With each passing day an increasing number of people joined. By the time they reached Dandi on April 5, Gandhi was at the head of a crowd of tens of thousands. Gandhi spoke and led prayers and early the next morning walked down to the sea to make salt.

The Salt March

Gandhi

Reza Shah

The Middle East Who seized power from Persia’s Shah and changed the name of his country to Iran: Reza Shah Pahlavi. In 1935, the Iranian ruler issued a letter to the League of Nations insisting the name Iran (the historical name of the nation dating back thousands of years) be used instead of Persia, which is the name of one of Iran's significant cultural provinces and the national language. Although (internally) the country had been referred to as Iran throughout much of its history, many countries including the English-speaking world knew the country as Persia.

Iran In 1935 Rez ā Sh ā h requested that the international community refer to the country as Iran. Opposition to the name change led to the reversal of the decision, and in 1959 both names were to be used interchangeably. Today both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.