Warm Up Answer the following questions based on the timeline of the West between the Wars (p. 748-9): a. What book did Hitler write in 1924? b. Who became the fascist leader of Italy? c. Who became president of the United States in 1932? d. In which year did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

How did the Great Depression affect European economies? Essential Question How did the Great Depression affect European economies?

Between World Wars

League of Nations Remained weak Members could not agree to use force when necessary The U.S. never joined

French Demands Wanted strict enforcement of the Treaty of Versailles Germans owed debt of $33 billion

Germany Economy High inflation (rise in prices) German money becomes worthless

The Dawes Plan Proposed by Americans Gave Germany a $200 million loan for economic recovery

Great Depression Depression = a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment

Causes of the Depression Falling prices in European countries International financial crisis for the U.S. stock market

United States President – Franklin D. Roosevelt Proposed the New Deal to help the economy

Great Depression

Great Depression

Great Depression

Weimar Republic German democratic state after WWI No strong leadership High unemployment, poor economy

Great Britain Two political parties: Labour Party Conservative Party

Changes in Europe By 1939, only two European nations (France and Great Britain) remained democratic Most others had adopted dictators

New Form of Dictatorship Totalitarianism = government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens

Totalitarian States Led by a single leader and a single party No guarantees of personal freedoms

Fascism Glorify the state above the individual Need for a strong government led by a dictator Remove opposition

Benito Mussolini Established a fascist movement in Italy

Rise of Fascism in Italy People feared communist revolution Mussolini formed the Blackshirts – armed men who suppressed opposition

Mussolini in Power Became dictator in 1922 as head of the Fascist Party Known as “Il Duce” – The Leader

Quote, Mussolini “Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only so far as his interests coincide with those of the State . . . The Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist. Thus understood, fascism is totalitarian.”

Japanese Expansion Difficulty finding resources for growing industry Military gained more power

Invasion of Manchuria 1931 Japan became a war-driven economy

Picasso Abstract art

Albert Einstein Physicist Won the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his theory of relativity