Kingdom - Plantae

Plant Evolution

Plant Characteristics Vascular or Nonvascular Roots Taproots or Fibrous Roots Seeds? Flowers? Dominant Life Stage – Gametophyte or Sporophyte

To be a plant you must… Cell wall made of cellulose Autotroph Eukaryote Multicellular Alternation of Generations Domain Eukarya

Plant Parts/ Adaptations Stomata – openings on the sides of leaves that allow CO2 to enter and O2 to exit Cuticle – waxy covering on leaves – prevents water loss Vascular Tissue – transport tissues in plants Xylem (transports water and minerals to leaves) and Phloem (transports products of photosynthesis to roots and stems) Seeds – plant structure that contains an embryo, nutrients and is covered by a protective coat

Cross-section of a leaf

Plant Reproduction Alternation of Generations – Alternate between haploid and diploid Gametophyte – haploid – makes sperm and eggs Sporophyte – diploid – made from the fusion of 2 gametophyte gametes – makes spores that grow into the next gametophyte generation

Alternation of Generations

Parts of a Flower

Phylum Hepatophyta - Liverworts Avascular No roots No seeds No Flowers Gametophyte is dominant Very simple plants

Phylum – Bryophyta - Mosses Avascular No roots No seeds No flowers Dominant Gametophyte Very simple

Phylum – Pterophyta - Ferns Vascular Roots No seeds No flowers Sporophyte is dominant

Phylum – Coniferophyta – Conifers/ Gymnosperms Vascular Roots Seeds No Flowers Sporophyte is dominant Some are Dioecious – have male trees and female trees

Phylum – Anthophyta - Angiosperms Vascular Roots Stems Seeds Flowers Dominant Sporophyte