Feedstuff Identification Education Session Quit Feed Ingredients Processed Feeds Return to Main Menu Return to Main Menu

Education Session Quit Alfalfa Cubes Alfalfa Leaf Meal Alfalfa Silage Barley Beet Pulp Brewers Grain Corn, shelled Corn, cracked Corn, ground Corn Gluten Corn Silage Cottonseed, fuzzy Fat, dry Fish Meal Alfalfa Cubes Alfalfa Leaf Meal Alfalfa Silage Barley Beet Pulp Brewers Grain Corn, shelled Corn, cracked Corn, ground Corn Gluten Corn Silage Cottonseed, fuzzy Fat, dry Fish Meal Grain Sorghum Molasses, dry Oats, whole Oats, rolled Porcine Meal Rice Rye Soybean Hull Pellets Soybean Meal Vitamin Blend Wheat Bran Wheat Middling Grain Sorghum Molasses, dry Oats, whole Oats, rolled Porcine Meal Rice Rye Soybean Hull Pellets Soybean Meal Vitamin Blend Wheat Bran Wheat Middling Feed Ingredients Home

Source Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff made from whole alfalfa plants harvested prior to blooming for superior nutrient content. Processing Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff. The alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming at maturity and processed into large cubes. The alfalfa is ground into a meal and mechanically pressed into cubes that are approximately the size of ice cubes. Alfalfa Cubes

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 91%18%29%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Processed roughage fed to increase fiber and protein in a grazing diet Common DietsCommon Diets –Fed whole to beef cows –Fed whole to horses –Fed whole to ruminant wildlife, such as buffalo, deer, and elk Alfalfa Cubes

Source Alfalfa leaf meal originates from whole alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to blooming. The leaves of alfalfa contain the highest percentage of nutrients of the plant. Processing Alfalfa leaf meal is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming, and the leaves are mechanically removed. The leaves are dried and ground into a meal form. Alfalfa Leaf Meal

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%28%15%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source Common DietsCommon Diets –Dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Heifer development feeds –Sheep feeds Alfalfa Leaf Meal

Source Alfalfa silage originates from whole alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to blooming. Alfalfa is mowed and air- dried prior to harvesting. Processing Alfalfa silage is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming and mechanically chopped into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote fermentation and to maintain moisture content. Alfalfa Silage

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 30%18%28%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Forage that supplements a high level of protein and moderate levels of fiber Common DietsCommon Diets –Dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Feedlot cattle feeds Alfalfa Silage

Source Barley is widely grown in Europe and the cooler climates of North America and Asia. A small percentage is used in human consumption, while the remainder is used in the brewing industry and livestock feeds. Processing Barley can be fed whole or slightly processed. Barley that has been processed typically has been steamed and rolled or had the hulls removed. Barley

Barley Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%12%5%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Horse feeds –Colt starter feeds –Feedlot cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds Barley

Source Beet pulp is a by-product from the processing of beets. The vegetable matter that remains after sugar is extracted from beets is called pulp. It is a highly digestible fiber that swells in the rumen to promote digestion. Processing Beet pulp is a processed feedstuff. Whole sugar beets are sliced, and the sugar is extracted. The remaining pulp is dried and fed to livestock. Beet Pulp

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 91%11%21%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Forage that supplements moderate amounts of protein and lots of fiber Common DietsCommon Diets –Dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Horse feeds –Sheep feeds Beet Pulp

Source Brewers grain is a by-product of the brewing of alcoholic beverages from grain. Grains are blended together and processed to form a wort, which is later filtered out and utilized as a feedstuff. Processing Brewers grain is a processed feedstuff. A variety of grains are blended, cooked with water, and fermented for a period of time. Upon completion of the brewing process, the wort is dried to produce brewers grain. Brewers Grain

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 23%26%13%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source Common DietsCommon Diets –Lactating dairy cattle feeds –Feedlot cattle feeds –Feedlot sheep feeds Brewers Grain

Corn Source Corn is grown in many regions of the world and is typically referred to as maize in other countries. Corn is the most popular feedstuff in areas where it grows well. It produces more digestible energy per unit of land than any other grain crop. Processing Corn can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is typically harvested at a moisture content suitable for feedstuffs.

Corn Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 88%9%2%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Nearly all domestic livestock feeds –Wild game, fowl, and fish food –Pet food Corn

Cracked Corn Source Cracked corn originates from whole corn. It differs from whole corn in that it has been processed prior to feeding to livestock. Processing Cracked corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is cracked into smaller particles by running the grain between aggressive rollers of a mill. The processing is performed to make the corn nutrients more readily available to animals.

Cracked Corn Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 88%9%2%

Type of Feedstuff Type of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Beef cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds –Horse feeds –Colt starter feeds –Sheep feeds –Lamb starter feeds –Poultry feeds –Wild game feeds Cracked Corn

Ground Corn Source Ground corn originate from whole corn. It differs from whole corn in that it has been aggressively processed prior to feeding to livestock. Processing Ground corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is ground into a meal form by running the grain through very aggressive hammers of a mill. The processing is performed to make the corn nutrients more readily available or for mixing into processed feeds.

Ground Corn Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 88%9%2%

Type of Feedstuff Type of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine feeds –Poultry feeds –Wild game bird feeds –Processed feeds Ground Corn

Source Corn gluten is a by-product of corn. It is produced from the manufacturing of cornstarch and corn syrup. Processing Corn gluten meal is a processed feedstuff. It is typically dried to prevent spoilage and to extend shelf life. After the gluten is dried, it is typically ground into a fine meal to break up large chunks. It may also be processed into pellets for ease of handling. Corn Gluten Meal

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 91%46%5%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source Common DietsCommon Diets –Beef cattle feeds –Dairy cattle feeds –Swine feeds –Poultry feeds –Pet food –Processed feeds Corn Gluten Meal

Source Corn silage originates from whole corn plants that are harvested during an early stage of maturity. Corn silage is a high-quality forage that supplements energy and protein. Processing Corn silage is a processed feedstuff. Corn plants are harvested early in maturity and mechanically chopped into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote fermentation and maintain moisture. Corn Silage

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 34%8%21%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Forage that supplements energy and protein Common DietsCommon Diets –Dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Feedlot cattle feeds Corn Silage

Source Dry fat is a by-product fed to increase the energy levels of feeds. It is typically harvested at slaughterhouses and processing plants that produce excess vegetable oils. Processing Dry fat is a slightly processed feedstuff. The animal fats are melted down to a liquid form and dried to create a uniform texture. It is then ground into a meal form. The liquid fat is typically screened for purity before drying. Dry Fat

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 99%0%0%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –High-energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine feeds –Lactating dairy cattle feeds –Pet food –Fish food Dry Fat

Source Molasses is a major by-product of sugar production, including sugar cane, sugar beets, citrus fruits, wood. Dry molasses has had a large portion of the moisture removed and can be pelleted or mealed. It may be used as a feedstuff flavor enhancer or a medication carrier. Processing Dry molasses is a processed feedstuff. Typically, the molasses is dried and mechanically ground into a meal or made into a pellet. Dry Molasses

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 94%9%2%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Feedstuff flavor enhancer that supplies moderate levels of energy Common DietsCommon Diets –Cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds –Horse feeds –Colt starter feeds –Sheep feeds –Lamb starter feeds Dry Molasses

Source Fish meal originates from fish and fish particles not suitable for human consumption. Most fish utilized in fish meal are harvested from Atlantic coastal waters. Processing Fish meal is a processed feedstuff. The fish are ground, cooked, and processed to be stabilized. Antioxidants such as ethoxquin are added to prevent the fish oil from becoming rancid. It must be introduced into diets slowly to prevent feed refusal. Fish Meal

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 90%66%1%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source Common DietsCommon Diets –Lactating dairy cattle feeds –Swine feeds –Poultry feeds Fish Meal

Source Fuzzy cottonseed originates from cotton plants and is mostly grown in warm climates, such as the southern states of the United States. It is a unique feedstuff, due to its high level of protein, fat, fiber, and energy. Processing Fuzzy cottonseed typically is not processed and can be fed whole. It contains a white fuzz of cotton or can be delinted to remove the fuzz. Fuzzy Cottonseed

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 91%23%29%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source with high levels of energy, fat, and fiber Common DietsCommon Diets –Lactating dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds Fuzzy Cottonseed

Grain Sorghum Source Grain sorghum is grown in drier areas of the United States, India, and China. It is not only drought tolerant but also resistant to many pests. Grain sorghum can be used as a replacement for corn. Processing Grain sorghum can be fed whole or slightly processed. The grain is small and relatively hard, and may need to be crushed for maximum utilization in some diets.

Grain Sorghum Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%11%3%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine finishing feed –Cattle feed –Poultry feed –Wild bird and game feed Grain Sorghum

Source Oats are grown as a crop in northern Europe and America. They rank fourth in cereal grain production but account for less than 5% of overall grain production. Processing Oats can be fed whole or as a processed grain. Oats are typically harvested at maturity and stored at a moisture content to prevent spoilage. Oats

Oats Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%13%11%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Breeding cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds –Horse feeds –Colt starter feeds –Sheep feeds –Lamb starter feeds Oats

Source Rolled oats originate from whole oats. They differ from whole oats in that they have been processed prior to feeding to livestock. Processing Rolled oats are a processed grain. They are dried and then flattened by running between compressing rollers. The hulls are typically screened out of the grain. Rolled Oats

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 84%13%11%

Rolled Oats Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Breeding cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds –Horse feeds –Colt starter feeds –Sheep feeds –Lamb starter feeds

Source Porcine meal is made from carcass trimmings, condemned carcasses, and inedible offal such as the lungs and the digestive system of pigs. Processing Porcine meal is a processed feedstuff. The animal tissues are dried, ground, and blended to meet specific nutrient levels. Porcine meal is commonly used in place of meat and bone meal*, due to BSE and FDA regulations. Porcine Meal *More information on *More information on Meat and Bone Meal Meat and Bone Meal

Porcine Meal Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 93%56%1%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine feeds –Poultry feeds –Fish food –Pet food –Feedlot cattle feeds Porcine Meal

Source Rice is grown in many regions of the world. It is most commonly grown for human consumption but is available in some regions for livestock feeds. Processing Rice is typically fed whole or slightly cracked in most diets. The majority of rice used in livestock feeds is classified as rough rice, due to the coarseness and cracked seeds. The hull is typically removed for human consumption and some livestock feeds. Rice

Rice Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%8%10%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Other DietsOther Diets –Swine feeds –Dairy cattle feeds –Poultry feeds Rice

Source Rye is most commonly grown in cooler climates of Europe, Canada, and some regions of the United States. Its composition is similar to wheat and may be used as a substitute in some diets. Processing Rye may be fed whole or slightly processed. It is commonly fed whole or slightly cracked in most feeds. It may be mechanically dehulled in some diets. Rye

Rye Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%12%2%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Lactating dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds Rye

Source Soybean hull pellets are processed from whole soybeans. They are processed from the hulls of soybeans. Processing Soybean hull pellets are a processed feedstuff. They are processed by removing the hulls of soybeans and ground into a meal. The meal is mechanically pressed into a pellet about the size of a pencil eraser. Soybean Hull Pellets

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 90%12%38%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Forage that supplements moderate amounts of protein and lots of fiber Common DietsCommon Diets –Dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds –Feedlot cattle feeds Soybean Hull Pellets

Source Soybean meal is produced from the processing of whole soybeans. It is reasonably priced and the most commonly used protein source in North America. Processing Soybean meal is a processed grain. The whole soybeans are processed by heating the grain, removing the oil, and crushing the seed. It is processed and sold as either 44% or 48% crude protein feedstuff, depending on the blend. Soybean Meal

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 91%48%6%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Protein source Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine feeds –Dairy cattle feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Sheep feeds –Pet food –Fish food Soybean Meal

Processing Vitamin blends are formulated to supplement appropriate levels of vitamins A, D, and E in livestock feeds. They are not considered a “true” feedstuff, but are necessary for adequate nutrition. Many blends are species specific, so it should be carefully monitored when blending a diet. Vitamin A is not typically found in feedstuffs and must be supplemented for eye, tissue membrane, and other maintenance. Vitamin D is supplemented for calcium absorption and Ca and P metabolism. Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant for vitamin A absorption and storage. Vitamin Blend

Common DietsCommon Diets –Beef cattle feeds –Dairy cattle feeds –Swine feeds –Sheep feeds –Horse feeds –Poultry feeds –Wild game feeds –Wild fowl feeds –Fish food –Pet food Vitamin Blend

Source Wheat is grown throughout the world, with a large portion of the production in the United States and Canada. Wheat is classified as soft or hard varieties and varies in protein value. Processing Wheat can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is harvested at maturity and dried to prevent spoilage. Wheat may be cracked or ground into a meal for diets. Wheat

Wheat Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%14%3%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Poultry feeds –Wild game feeds Wheat

Source Wheat bran originates from whole wheat. It is a processed meal from the outer coat of wheat. The wheat bran is typically collected at flour-milling factories. Processing Wheat bran is a processed grain. Whole wheat is processed so that the inner portion of the wheat seed is removed, leaving the outer coat. The outer coat is ground into a meal to form wheat bran. Wheat Bran

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%17%11%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source with high levels of protein Common DietsCommon Diets –Poultry feeds –Swine feeds –Dairy cattle feeds Wheat Bran

Source Wheat middling originates from whole wheat. It is a by- product from the milling of wheat flour. The wheat middling is typically collected at flour-milling factories. Processing Wheat middling is a processed grain. Whole wheat is processed to remove the inner seed portion. The remaining particles, including the finer particles of wheat bran, are included in wheat middling. Wheat Middling

Complete Table Complete Table Nutritional Information Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber 89%18%10%

Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff –Energy source with high levels of protein Common DietsCommon Diets –Beef cattle feeds –Swine feeds –Dairy cattle feeds Wheat Middling

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More Information The feeding of meat and bone meal must be carefully monitored. Ruminant-derived meat and bone meal cannot be fed to ruminant animals under FDA regulations. This mandate was put into effect in 1997 to prevent the spread of BSE (Mad Cow Disease). Meat and bone meal does not contain horn, hair, hide trimmings, manure, stomach contents, added blood meal, or poultry by-products. Meat and Bone Meal

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Education Session Quit Blended Feed Crumb Cube Mash Meal Pellet Blended Feed Crumb Cube Mash Meal Pellet Processed Feeds Home

Processing Blended feeds are a mixture of two or more ingredients and are the most common form of feed fed to livestock. Blended feeds can include multiple kinds of ingredients, including grain, protein sources, medications, vitamins, and minerals. Blended feed ingredients are typically processed in some form, such as the cracking of corn. It may also include some form of dust control, such as liquid molasses or fat. Blended Feed

Common DietsCommon Diets –Beef cattle feeds –Dairy cattle feeds –Swine feeds –Sheep feeds –Horse feeds –Poultry feeds –Wild game feeds –Wild fowl feeds Blended Feed

Crumb Processing Crumb is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are ground into a fine meal, blended, and pressed into pellets. The pellets are then crushed to make a consistent texture. Ingredients included in crumb are grains, protein sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may also be included in crumb as a carrier to the livestock. Crumb is fed dry to livestock and is typically formulated to feed free choice.

Crumb

Crumb Common DietsCommon Diets –Poultry feeds –Chick starter feeds –Swine feeds –Pig starter feeds –Calf starter feeds –Wild fowl feeds –Medicated feed carrier

Processing Cubes are made in the same process as pellets, but in a larger form. They typically include multiple ingredients, such as grains, protein source, and in some cases dried roughages. Cubes are dried to a slightly harder form than pellets to withstand moisture. They are designed to be fed on the ground and are typically fed to mature livestock. Cubes can be fed to supplement nutrition for grazing animals and may contain high levels of protein and essential vitamins and minerals. Cube

Cube

Common DietsCommon Diets –Beef cow feeds –Sow cube feeds –Horse cube feeds –Wild game feeds Cube

Processing Mash is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are ground into a fine meal or small chips and blended for consistency. Ingredients included in mash are grains, protein sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may also be included in mash as a carrier to the livestock. Mash is typically fed dry but may be moistened to increased palatability for younger animals. Mash

Mash

Common DietsCommon Diets –Poultry feeds –Chick starter feeds –Pig starter feeds –Wild fowl feeds –Medicated feed carrier Mash

Processing Meal is typically a single ingredient that is ground into a fine texture or small chips. Grains are typically ground into meals to be fed to smaller animals, such as birds or young pigs. Meal can be fed solely as a protein or energy source or mixed with other ingredients to form a mash. Meal is typically fed dry but may be slightly moistened to increase palatability for younger animals. Meal

Meal

Common DietsCommon Diets –Poultry feeds –Chick starter feeds –Pig starter feeds –Wild fowl feeds –Pet food Meal

Processing Pellets are typically a mixture of several ingredients and have become a common form of feed for livestock. Pellets are made by taking a meal or mash, adding a slight amount of moisture, rolling into a ball, and compacting or forcing through die openings by a mechanical process. Ingredients in pellets include grains, protein sources, and occasionally flavor enhancers and medication. Pellets are the easiest form of feeding several ingredients to animals and are readily consumed by multiple species of livestock. (more information) (more information) (more information)Pellet

Pellet

Pellet Common DietsCommon Diets –Swine feeds –Pig starter feeds –Beef cattle feeds –Calf starter feeds –Horse feeds –Wild game feeds

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Pellet More Information Pet food and fish food are classified as pellets. They differ slightly from pellets fed to livestock in that they are more circular and typically have a higher moisture content. The higher moisture content is related to the added fat and increased animal products used in the feeds.

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