Chinese Cuisine

Contents Reading A 1 Simulated Writing 2 Additional Knowledge 3

Chinese Food Culture  1. Shandong Cuisine  Major characteristics of Shandong Cuisine:  1) Prepared with a wide variety of materials, cooking method and seafood.  2) A pure, strong and mellow taste, rather than a mixed taste.  3) Shandong Cuisine is known for its excellent seafood dishes and delicious soup.  Famous dishes: Stir Fried Prawns, Fried Sea Cucumbers with Onions, Sweet and Sour Carp, etc.

2. Sichuan Cuisine  The main- characteristics of Sichuan Cuisine:  1) Prepared with a wide variety of ingredients.  2) Presenting various shapes and tastes, and famous for spicy food, fish-flavored shredded pork and food with odd taste.  3) Boasting numerous cooking techniques, such as stir frying, frying, stir-frying before stewing, and braising.  Famous dishes: Stir-fried Diced Chicken with Chilli and Peanuts, Stir-fried Bean Curd in Hot Sauce, Fish-flavored Shredded Pork, Stir-fried Sliced Beef, etc.

3. Guangdong Cuisine  Guangdong Cuisine, one of the main cuisine styles in China, is composed of Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Dongjiang cuisine. With the advantages of all delicacies from all over the country, Guangdong Cuisine has gradually formed its own characteristics - using a wide variety of ingredients, offering food of all tastes, shapes and colors, good at changing, and serving light food in summer and autumn, and strong and mellow food in winter and spring. Guangdong Cuisine features sour, bitter, spicy and delicious tastes with a clear and fragrant smell. Guangdong snacks are peculiar about ingredients, some sweet and some salty, enjoying the reputation of "100 kinds of snacks having 100 tastes and 100 shapes." There is an old saying: "Guangdong serves best food in the country." Now we can say: "Guangdong offers delicacies from all over the world."  Famous dishes: Fried Bean Curd and Fresh Shrimps, Baiyun Pig‘s Trotters, Roast Piglet with Crisp Skin, Dongjiang Salted Chicken, Refreshing Beef Balls, Taiye Chicken, Fried Jelly Fish, etc.

4. ·Fujian Cuisine  Fujian Cuisine have the following characteristics:  1) Chefs are skilled in the use of a kitchen knife, full of interest.  2) The Fujian people are peculiar about soup, which is full of changes.  3) A wide variety of seasonings are used, with unique characteristics.  4) Dishes are meticulously prepared, refined and graceful.  5) Fujian Cuisine is characterized by clear, refreshing, delicious and light tastes, slightly sweet and sour.  Typical famous dishes: Monk Jumps over Wall, sea clams in Chicken Soup, Glossy Ganoderma and Jade Cicadas, Litchi Pulp, Fragrant Sliced Snails with a Faint Smell of Distillers‘ Grains, Jadeite Pearl Abalone, Chicken with Distillers‘ Grains,

5. Jiangsu Cuisine  The main characteristics of Jiangsu cuisine:  1) Distinguished for exquisite ingredients, freshness and aliveness.  2) High cutting techniques.  3) Have a good command of duration and degree of heating and cooking.  4) Good at keeping the original taste one particular taste for one dish. All dishes have light, mellow and refreshing tastes. Yangzhou Cuisine is light and elegant; Suzhou Cuisine is slightly sweet; and Wuxi Cuisine is fairly sweet.  5) Pay great attention to soup, which is strong but not greasy, and delicious.  Famous dishes: Butterfish in Creamy Juice, Santao Duck, Steamed Large Meatballs, Fragrant and Soft Silverfish, Crystal Pig‘s Trotters, Steamed Hilsa Herring, King Bids Farewell to His Consort, etc

6. ·Zhejiang Cuisine  Of a large number local cuisine styles, Zhejiang Cuisine occupies an important position and mainly consists of Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Wenzhou cuisine styles, each having its own local characteristics.  Famous dishes: West Lake Sour Fish, Dongpo Pork, Longjing Shrimp Meat, Jiaohua Young Chickens, Steam Rice Flower and Pork Wrapped by Lotus Leaves, Braised Bamboo Shoots and Whitefish with Fermented Glutinous Rice.

7. Hunan Cuisine  Hunan Cuisine has three characteristics:  1) Skilful use of a kitchen knife, a delicious taste and a beautiful shape.  2) Known for sour and spicy dishes by adding various kinds of seasonings.  3) Adopting a wide variety of techniques.  Famous dishes: Spicy Young Chicken, Fried Fish Slices, Steamed Soft-Shell Turtle, Steamed Cured Meat, Huofang Whitebait, Dongting Fat Fish Maw, Jishou Sour Meat, Oily and Spicy Tender Bamboo Shoots, and Chinese Chestnuts and Hearts of Cabbages.

8. Anhui Cuisine  Anhui Cuisine has the following four characteristics:  1) Using a wide variety of ingredients.  2) Adopting unique techniques.  3) Paying great attention to nutritious food.  4) Offering various kinds of dishes, some of which are full of local flavor.  Famous dishes: Milky Fat Fish King, Stewed Mati Soft- shelled Turtle in Clear Soup, Guest Welcoming Pine, Crucian Carp in Earthen Pot, Fuliji Chicken, Red Bayberry and Glutinous Rice Balls, etc. Local snacks include Butterfly Noodles, White Gourd Dumplings, Frozen Rice Sugar, Tunxi Liquor-saturated Crabs, etc.

Important Words  Cuisine 烹饪  Condiment 调味品  Lard 猪油  Sauce 调味汁  Oyster sauce 蚝油  Soy sauce 酱油  Vinegar 醋  Jam 酱  Chili sauce 辣酱  Spice 香料  Stir-fry （用旺火）快炒  Sauté 煎．炸  Dry braise 干煸  Braise 炖，焖  Stew 用文火煮，炖，焖  Crystallize 使．．．结晶  Corn flour 玉米粉  Dice 将．．．切成丁  Chafing 火锅  Wild edible herb 食用草药  Ferment 发酵  Mildness 淡的  Pickled 腌制的  Pickled meat 腊肉  Rock candy 冰糖  Shred 切碎  Sea cucumber 海参  Mandarin fish 桂鱼

Simulated Writing  Assorted Cold Dishes:  Cold chicken with green onion oil 葱油白鸡  Cucumber with sweet and sour 糖醋黄瓜  Deep fried shrimps 油爆虾  Dry minced meat 肉松  Fish in soy sauce 熏鱼  Fish jelly 拌海蛰  Five flavor spiced beef 五香牛肉  Grilled pork 叉烧  Poached chicken 白切鸡  Preserved duck eggs 松花蛋．皮蛋  Preserved vegetable, Sichuan style 酸辣菜  Salted duck eggs 咸鸭蛋  Salted water shrimps 盐水虾  Sour sweet cabbage in chili sauce 辣白菜  Spiced corned beef 卤牛肉  Square ham 方腿  Wine preserved crabs 醉蟹

Fish Dish  Eggs white sauté fish 芙蓉鱼柳  Fried eel slices 炒鳝片  Fried yellow fish with vinegar 醋熘黄鱼  Mandarin fish in with brown sauce 红烧桂鱼  Mandarin fish with sweet and sour 糖醋桂鱼  Red cooked fish head and tail 红烧鱼头尾  Red cooked fish slices 烧鱼块  Silver carp stuffed with pork 肉塞金鱼  Squirrel shaped mandarin fish 松鼠桂鱼  Steamed mandarin fish 清蒸桂鱼  Three colour diced fish 三色鱼丁  Turtle and chicken meat 霸王别姬（甲鱼炖鸡）  Yellow fish soup with pickled vegetable 咸菜大汤黄鱼

Shrimps and Crabs  Bean curd with crabs flour 蟹粉豆腐  Fried crabs with ginger and scallions 炒毛蟹  Fried prawns 炒对虾  Green peas fried shrimps 青豆虾仁  Plain sauté shrimps 清炒虾仁  Shrimps in tomato sauce with rice crusts, fried 虾仁锅巴  Shrimps with bean curd 虾仁豆腐  Shrimps with curry 咖喱虾仁  Shrimps with egg white 芙蓉虾仁

Poultry  Braised chicken in soy sauce 红烧鸡块  Chicken cubes with eggs white 芙蓉鸡丁  Chicken in curry 咖喱鸡  Chicken pieces with chestnuts 栗子鸡  Crisp duck 香酥鸭  Fried crisp-skinned chicken 脆皮鸡  Green onion oil chicken 葱油鸡  Kun-pao chicken cubes 宫爆鸡丁  Nanjing preserved duck, salted 南京板鸭  Roast Beijing duck 北京烤鸭  Sliced chicken with fresh mushroom 鲜菇鸡片  Shredded chicken with green pepper 青椒鸡丝  Sauté diced chicken 生炒鸡丁  Sauté sliced chicken and beef 鸡片炒牛柳

Assorted Pork  Boiled pork pieces with eggs and fungus 木须肉  Capital spareribs 京都排骨  Dried mushroom and sliced pork 冬菇肉片  Five fragrant pork 五香肉  Fried filled pork 炒里脊  Fried pork shredded with dried mushrooms 香菇炒肉丝  Fried pork shredded with green vegetable 青菜炒肉丝  Julienne pork in pepper sauce 鱼香肉丝  Meat cutlets with peanuts 花生肉丁  Pork re-cooked in chili sauce 回锅肉 Shredded pork bean curd 肉丝豆腐 Shredded pork scrambled eggs 肉丝炒蛋  Sour and sweet pork chops 糖醋排骨  Sliced pork with green pepper 青椒肉丝  Spareribs with pepper and salt 椒盐排骨

 Beef and Mutton  Braise beef curry 咖喱牛肉  Onion sauté beef 洋葱牛肉  Roast beef brochettes 牛肉串  Sliced veal and green chili 青椒牛肉片  Tomato fried beef 番茄牛肉  Egg Dish  Eggs roll 蛋卷  Fried eggs 清煎蛋  Fried eggs with ham 火腿煎蛋  Scrambled eggs with minced meat 肉 丝炒蛋  Scrambled eggs with tomato 番茄炒蛋  Soup  Bird’s nest soup  Chicken feet and dried mushroom soup  Dried shrimps egg soup  Eggs drop soup  Hot pickled mustard-greens and dried shrimp soup  Minced meat and egg soup  Pork julienne and salted pickles soup  Tomato and eggs soup

Staple Food  Boiled fresh meat ravioli 鲜肉馄饨  Julienne chicken fried rice 鸡丝炒饭  Eight treasure glutinous rice 八宝饭  Fried noodles with shredded pork 肉丝炒面  Julienne chicken fried noodles 鸡丝炒面  Julienne pork fried rice 肉丝炒饭  Minced meat in soy beans noodles 炸酱面  Mixed fried noodles\rice 什锦炒面＼炒饭  Shrimps fried rice\noodles 虾仁炒饭＼炒面  Spring rolls 春卷  Steamed fresh meat dumpling 鲜肉包  Steamed mashed beans dumpling 豆沙包  Stuffed bread with crab meat 蟹粉烧卖  Stuffed bread with mashed dates 枣泥包  Stuffed bread with roast pork 叉烧包  Thousand-layered pudding 千层糕

Additional Knowledge  “ 订餐 ” 在英文中有两种说法，即 To book a table 和 make a reservation 。  在英国以及在其它很多国家，餐厅一般划分为吸烟区和非吸烟区。  一进餐厅，服务员会主动征询客人的意见，然后引领客人前往所选择的区域就餐。  Have you got a table for two please? 请问您有两个人的桌子吗？  Do you have a table for two please? 请问您有两个人的桌子吗？  Have you booked a table? 您预定餐桌了吗？  Have you made a reservation? 您预定了吗？  Smoking or non-smoking? 吸烟区还是非吸烟区？  Would you like something to drink? 您想喝什么？  Would you like to see the menu? 您需要看菜单吗？  Excuse me, could I see the menu please? 打搅一下，我能看看菜单吗？  Are you ready to order? 您现在可以点餐吗？  first course/starters 第一道菜／开胃菜  main course 主菜 dessert 甜食  Could I have the bill please? 请拿账单来，好吗？  How would you like to pay? 请问您怎样付款

Make an order  请给我菜单。 May I have a menu, please? 是否有中文菜单？ Do you have a menu in Chinese? 在用晚餐前想喝些什么吗？ Would you like something to drink before dinner? 餐厅有些什么餐前酒？ What kind of drinks do you have for an aperitif? 可否让我看看酒单？ May I see the wine list? 我可以点杯酒吗？ May I order a glass of wine? 餐厅有那几类酒？ What kind of wine do you have? 我想点当地出产的酒。 I'd like to have some local wine. 我想要喝法国红酒。 I'd like to have French red wine. 是否可建议一些不错的酒？ Could you recommend some good wine?  我可以点餐了吗？ May I order, please? 餐厅最特别的菜式是什么？ What is the specialty of the house? 餐厅有今日特餐吗？ Do you have today's special?  我可以点与那份相同的餐吗？ Can I have the same dish as that? 我想要一份开胃菜与排餐（鱼餐）。 I'd like appetizers and meat (fish) dish. 我正在节食中。 I'm on a diet. 我必须避免含油脂（盐份 / 糖份）的食物。 I have to avoid food containing fat (salt/sugar). 餐厅是否有供应素食餐？ Do you have vegetarian dishes? 你的牛排要如何烹调？ How do you like your steak? 全熟（五分熟 / 全生）。 Well done (medium/rare), please.

Ask for a restaurant  是否可介绍一家附近口碑不错的餐厅 ?  Could you recommend a nice restaurant near here?  我想去一家价位合理的餐厅。  I want a restaurant with reasonable prices.  我想去一家不会吵杂的餐厅。 I'd like a quiet restaurant. 我想去一家气氛欢乐、活泼的餐厅。 I'd like a restaurant with cheerful atmosphere. 是否可建议这一类的餐厅 ? Could you recommend that kind of restaurant? 此地餐厅多集中在那一区 ? Where is the main area for restaurants? 这附近是否有中国餐厅 ? Is there a Chinese restaurant around here? 这附近是否有价位不贵的餐厅 ? Are there any inexpensive restaurants near here? 你知道现在那里还有餐厅是营业的吗 ? Do you know of any restaurants open now? 我想尝试一下当地食物。 I'd like to have some local food. 最近的义大利餐厅在那里 ? Where is the nearest Italian restaurant?