Science 10 Biology Section V. The Role of Membranes Section VI. Classification of Living Things

The Role of Membranes Pages  All cells have a cell membrane and a cell. The purpose of a membrane is as follows…

The Role of Membranes 1. Regulates movement of matter in and out of the cell. [Although there are several other ways such as pinocytosis ( cell drinking) And phagocytosis (cell eating)] 2. Separates cell from its environment –Serves as protection.

The Role of Membranes  Membranes vary in size and shape. The true structure of membranes has been difficult to study.  The current model we use is called the Fluid Mosaic Model. (see the diagram)  Work book pages 3-16 to 3-17

Section VI Classification of Living Things: The Five Kingdoms.

Classification of Living Things: The 5 Kingdoms  Living systems can be remarkably different, yet remarkably similar at the same time.  It is easy enough to see the differences between living things. Each organism has unique Structures, tissues, organs, and systems that help it adapt to its environment. Despite the differences, each living organism has things in common with other organisms. They must ….

I  1. Absorb nutrients to grow.  2. Have a system to convert energy to a useable form.  3. Be able to reproduce (divide cells).  4. Be able to get rid of waste. Classification of Living Things: The 5 Kingdoms

 To help us understand the diversity and unity of living things, we have classified them into 5 Kingdoms:  1. Prokaryotae  2. Protista  3. Fungi  4. Plantae  5. Animalia Viruses are a class of their own because they do not fit into the above categories

Prokaryotae (Monerans)  Primarily Bacteria.  Consumers, decomposers, And producers Need Energy/Nutrients to get rid of wastes Can synthesize own proteins. Unicellular, some chlorphyll, with cell wall and are prokaryotic. Found in Yogurts, Cottage Cheese, Sour Creams

 Eukaryotic with many unicellular, but some are multicellular.  Brown, Red, Green Algae with some Chlorophyll and cell walls.  Includes:  Euglenas  Paramecium's.  Live their lives as single cells but carries out all the functions as a multicultural system does-very complex!

 Most are multicellular.  No Chloroplasts.  Get energy by decomposing /ingesting.  Reproduce by spores.  Have cell wall and are Eukaryotic.  Eg. Mushrooms, mold, athletes foot.  First antibiotics from penicillium.

 Multicellular Eukaryotes.  Chloroplast-with grana (folded structures that capture sunlight for photosynthesis).  Also undergo cellular respiration.  Plants provide food for the biosphere, and hold soil in place. Also responsible for building soil.  Eg. Vascular plants, mosses, ferns, etc.

 Multicellular Eukaryotes.  Have a cell membrane with no cell wall.  Organelles are in membrane bound material.  They are consumers and are mobile.  Contains specialized cells.

 No membranes  No organelles  Does not divide like most cells.  Outer structure of protein with genetic material.  Borrows host cells organelles then destroys host to release new particles.