gTLD

GTLD 1 A 'generic top-level domain' ('gTLD') is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is visible to Internet users as the suffix at the end of a domain name.

GTLD 1 Overall, IANA currently distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:

GTLD 1 *top-level domain#Infrastructure domain|infrastructure top-level domain (.arpa|arpa)

GTLD 1 *country code top-level domains (ccTLD)

GTLD 1 **internationalized country code top-level domains

GTLD 1 The core group of generic top-level domains consists of the.com|com,.info|info,.net|net, and.org|org domains. In addition, the domains.biz|biz,.name|name, and.pro|pro are also considered generic; however, these are designated as restricted, because registrations within them require proof of eligibility within the guidelines set for each.

GTLD 1 Historically, the group of generic top-level domains included domains, created in the early development of the domain name system, that are now sponsored by designated agencies or organizations and are restricted to specific types of registrants

GTLD - History 1 The initial set of top-level domains, defined by RFC 920 in October 1984, was a set of general purpose domains:.com|com,.edu|edu,.gov|gov,.mil|mil,.org|org. The.net|net domain was added with the first implementation of these domains. The com, net, and org TLDs, despite their originally specific goals, are now open for use for any purpose.

GTLD - History 1 In November 1988, another TLD was introduced,.int|int

GTLD - History 1 Jon Postel, as head of Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA, invited applications from interested parties.[ discuss/mail-archive/00990.html] In early 1995, Postel created Draft Postel, an Internet draft containing the procedures to create new domain name registries and new TLDs

GTLD - History 1 In September 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was created to take over the task of managing domain names. After a call for proposals (August 15, 2000) and a brief period of public consultation, ICANN announced on November 16, 2000, its selection of the following seven new TLDs:.aero|aero,.biz|biz,.coop|coop,.info|info,.museum|museum,.name|name,.pro|pro.

GTLD - History 1 Biz, info, and museum were activated in June 2001, name and coop in January 2002, pro in May 2002, and aero later in pro became a gTLD in May 2002, but did not become fully operational until June xxx was approved in March 2011 and went into operation on April 15,

GTLD - History 1 ICANN added further TLDs, starting with a set of sponsored top- level domains

GTLD - History 1 On June 26, 2008, during the 32nd International Public ICANN Meeting in Paris, ICANN started a new process of TLD naming policy to take a significant step forward on the introduction of new generic top-level domains. This program envisions the availability of many new or already proposed domains, as well as a new application and implementation process.

GTLD - History 1 Observers believed that the new rules could result in hundreds of new gTLDs being registered.[ 6269_icann_approves_overhaul_top_level _domains/ ICANN Board Approves Sweeping Overhaul of Top-level Domains], CircleID, June 26,

GTLD - Unrestricted gTLD 1 Unrestricted generic top-level domains are those domains that are available for registrations by any person or organization for any use. The prominent gTLDs in this group are.com|com,.net|net,.org|org, and.info|info. However, info was the only one of these, and the first, that was explicitly chartered as unrestricted. The others initially had a specific target audience. However, due to lack of enforcement, they acquired an unrestricted character, which was later grandfathered.

GTLD - Sponsored gTLD 1 The term sponsored top-level domain is derived from the fact that these domains are based on theme concepts proposed by private agencies or organizations that establish and enforce rules restricting the eligibility of registrants to use the TLD. For example, the.aero|aero TLD is sponsored by the Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques, which limits registrations to members of the air- transport industry.

GTLD - Sponsored gTLD 1 The new gTLD programme saw the arrival of many sponsored Top-level domains or restricted open, with strings active in a regulated industry, such as.pharma or.bank, or in other industrial domains such as.safety

GTLD - Geographic gTLD 1 A geographic TLD (or GeoTLD) is a generic top-level domain using the name of or invoking an association with a geographical, geopolitical, ethnic, linguistic or cultural community. As of 2009, only two GeoTLDs existed: the sponsored domains.cat, for the Catalan language|Catalan language and culture and.asia; as of 2014 there were ten more, including.kiwi,.paris and.gal, but many others have been proposed (see also proposed top-level domain).

GTLD - New top-level domains 1 The introduction of several generic top- level domains over the years has not stopped the demand for more gTLDs and ICANN has received many proposals for establishment of new top-level domains. Proponents have argued for a variety of models ranging from adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs (see above) to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations.

GTLD - New top-level domains 1 An open gTLD may or may not have a formal relationship with an exclusive registrant or user population

GTLD - New top-level domains 1 The establishment of new gTLDs under this program requires the operation of a domain registry and a demonstration of technical and financial capacity for such operations and the management of registrar relationships.

GTLD - New top-level domains 1 A fourth version of the draft applicant guidebook (DAG4) was published in May

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 ICANN expects that the first batch of new gTLDs will be operational by September

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 However, some companies, like Pepsi, have ruled out a branded gTLD.

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 The new generic top level domain (gTLD) application system opened on January 12, The application window was to initially close on April 12, However ICANN's Chief Operating Officer, Akram Atallah stated there was a glitch in the TLD application system leaving applicant's information visible to others. The system was shut down to protect applicant's information, and measures were taken to resolve the situation.

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 ICANN re-opened the TLD Application System on May 21, allowing applicants to submit and review their applications until May 30,

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 On Reveal Day June 13, 2012, it was announced that ICANN received about 1,930 applications for new gTLD's, 751 of which were contested.

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 It was expected for the new gTLD's to go live on June However as of March 2013 only non Latin domains have gone through Initial Evaluation. The updated timeline suggests the new TLD's will go live in November

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 A lottery was held in December 2012 to determine the order in which ICANN would evaluate the 1,930 applications.

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 After the Application Window there was a public comment period from June 13, 2012, to September 26, 2012, in which the public could express their views on the individual new gTLD applications submitted.

GTLD - Expansion of gTLDs 1 Concerns were raised over Closed Generic Strings in which the applicant would be the sole registrant for the TLD. In particular objections were raised by publishers over Amazon's.book application.

GTLD - Applicants 1 Of the technology giants, Google has filed for 101 new gTLD strings, Amazon.com|Amazon comes 2nd with 76 strings, and Microsoft has filed for 11. Of the more specialized domain name companies, the following have applied for a significant number of new gTLDs:

GTLD - Applicants 1 * [ Donuts] co-founded by Paul Stahura, has the most applications submitting 307 gTLDs

GTLD - Applicants 1 * [ Top Level Domains Holding] (TLDH) led by [ Fred Krueger] have applied for 92 gTLDs.

GTLD - Applicants 1 * Famous Four Media, co-founded by [ p-team/iain-roache/ Iain Roache] and Geir Rasmussen, have filed for 57 gTLDs.

GTLD - Applicants 1 * Uniregistry headed by its Managing Director Frank Schilling is pursuing 54 gTLDs.

GTLD - Applicants 1 * [ Radix Registry] led by its CEO Bhavin Turakhia has filed for 31 gTLDs.

GTLD - Applicants 1 * [ United TLD Holdco] led by Richard Rosenblatt have filed for 26 applications to the new gTLD system.

GTLD - New gTLD launch 1 On July 15, 2013, the four first new gTLD agreements were signed in Durban. ncements-and-media/announcement- 15jul13-en dotstories blog They concerned Top Level Domains in non-Latin characters:

GTLD - New gTLD launch 1 * Core Association's онлайн, Russian for online

GTLD - New gTLD launch 1 * Core Association's сайт, Russian for website

GTLD - New gTLD launch 1 On July 10, 2014 the 330th string was delegated status/delegated-strings dotstories blog

GTLD - New gTLD launch 1 The most popular gTLD has been.guru, launched in February 2014 and reaching 50,000 domains in April 2014, briefly surpassed by.club between June 2 and June 9, 2014, with around 55,000 domains;.club was then surpassed by.xyz, which had more than 300,000 domains after one and a half months of existence. The growth of.xyz has been concentrated on one registrar due to a promotion they ran. ee-xyz-domain-name/ I got my first free.XYZ domain name offer today

GTLD - Problems with universal acceptance of new gTLD's 1 Some browsers and software applications do not properly recognize new gTLD's as top level domains. TUA/TLD+Universal+Acceptance+Home For example, the browser found on most Android phones will not recognize many new gTLD's as of August 2014, and instead treats them as a search query. Prefixing the domain with or including a trailing slash will usually force the browser to perform a DNS lookup rather than a search.

GTLD - Problems with universal acceptance of new gTLD's 1 Additionally, some hosting companies are not currently equipped to handle associating new gTLD domains with existing hosting packages, even though those companies offer registration of domains under new gTLD's.11 technical support, August 7,

GTLD - Opposition to gTLD expansion 1 In a statement to the US Congress on December 9, 2011, National Restaurant Association vice president Scott DeFife stated, Even beyond the financial toll the gTLD program will exact on millions of U.S

UDRP - Domain Name Disputes under new gTLDs 1 According to WIPO, of 42,000 UDRP filings to date, 80% were for.com domains, and of the new gTLDs, only.info has attracted any volume of UDRP disputes (3% of cases filed)

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