HISTORY The term "proteomics" was first coined in 1997 to make an analogy with genomics, the study of the genes.genomicsgenes Proteome = protein + genome The word "proteome" is a blend of "protein" and "genome", and was coined by Marc Wilkins in 1994 while working on the concept as a PhD student.blendMarc Wilkins

What is proteomics ? Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions.proteinsstructuresfunctions It include large scale characterization of proteins. Proteomics is very important because it helps in study of proteins which are responsible for phenotype of cells. Aim of proteomics is to create a 3-d map of cell indicating where proteins are located. The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism and proteome is dynamicproteins

proteomics Expression proteomics Structural proteomics Post translational modifications Protein-protein interactions Proteome mining Functional proteomics Protein functions, analyse protein network, identifying novel proteins Protein complexes,organelle composition,subproteome composition Identifying disease specific proteins,compare protein expression of different proteomes,for instance cell of cancer and normal cells can be analysed Drug discovery, Drug targets Proteolysis,glycosylation,pho sphorylation

Application of proteomics

PROTEIN BASED PRODUCTS DISCOVERED BLOOD PRODUCTS AND VACCINES THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES AND ENZYMES THERAPEUTIC HORMONES REGULATORY FACTORS LIKE CYTOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERONS,TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR. ALPHA INTERFERON IS USED FOR HEPATITIS C THESE DAYS,BETA FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND GAMMA FOR CHRONIC GANULOMATOUS DISEASE INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES FUNCTIONAL NON CATALYTIC PROTEINS LIKE KAPPA CASEIN HELPS IN MICELLE STABILIZATION OF MILK PROTEINS. THESE PROTEINS RESPONSIBLE FOR AROMA,FLAVOUR OF SOME BEVERAGES

Neutraceutical proteins=proteins with therapeutic values for example Whey protein Infant food formulation is done Lactose free milk, Curd used as a probiotic as it contains beneficial bacteria colonising the intestinal tract

Therapeutic uses of whey protein The search has shown that : It results in the elevation of a tripeptide called glutathionine in cells It is a reducing compound leading to detoxification of xenobiotics and protection of cells against oxygen intermediates and free radicals The constituents of whey are: Whey components A-lactalbumin B-lactoglobulin Bovine serum albumin Immunoglobulins Lactoferrins Lactoperoxidase Protease Free amino acids Urea Glycomacropeptides Growth factor Lactose Sialic acis lactic acid Sodium Potassium calcium magnesium Chloride Phosphate Sulfate Citrate Heavy metals Milk fat globule free fat Lipo protein

Novel proteins Since proteins are the main molecules which provide stimulus to immunity so proteins are engineered having minimum deleterious effects. The specific sequence of amino acids in the protein which stimulate immune response are known as epitopes. Recombinant vaccines based on epitopes are made with optimal design to make a safe vaccine These days subunit vaccine against Hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection

And BCCA BCCA are branched chain amino acids released during exercise from muscle the carbon part used as a fuel and nitrogen part makes alanine which goes to liver where it turns into glucose for energy so athletes these days take BCCA before and after exercised

conclusion Study of proteins is very important because: They have lot of functions as mentioned in ppt One main important reason is that relation between proteins and genes is non linear Why ? Because mRNA analysis does not provide relation about protein expressions Formation of mRNA is only first step in protein synthesis now this mRNA undergoes various post transcriptional modifications which leads to : Generation of various proteins from a single gene So more proteins are their and their expressions should be studied to explore new discoveries

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