Technology Guide 1 Hardware

Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

Computer System Codes Memory size Speed Input Output CPU Primary storage Secondary storage Communication device

Codes ASCII EBCDIC

Memory Size Bit (binary digit), byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte

Speed Millisecond Microsecond Nanosecond Picosecond Megahertz (MHz)

Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation

Computer Types - Generations First generation: vacuum tubes Second generation: transistors Third generation: integrated circuits Fourth generation: very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits or ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) Fifth generation: massively parallel processing DNA computers Optical computers

Computer Types - Size Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Workstations Microcomputers –Desktop personal computers –Laptop computers/notebooks –Palmtop computers

Computer Types - Size Personal digital assistant Smart cards Network computers (NCs) Windows-based terminals (WBTs)

Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

Devices - CPU Microprocessor Control unit –Machine cycle (MIPS): instruction time and execution time –Clock speed: microcode (Megahertz MHz) Arithmetic-logic unit Primary storage –Random-access memory (RAM) –Block –Cache memory –Dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) –Read-only memory (ROM)

Devices - Buses Data bus Address bus Control bus Word length & width of the buses

Devices - Input Keyboard Mouse Touch Screen Light pen Joystick Scanners Voice Automated teller machines

Devices - Output Monitors Printers –Impact printers –Nonimpact printers Plotters Voice

Devices – Secondary Storage Magnetic tapes Magnetic disks –Redundancy Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) –Magnetic diskette Optical storage devices –Rewritable optical disks Compact disk –Read-only memory (CD-ROM) disks CD-writable (CD-W) CD-Rewritable (CD_RW) Digital video disk (DVD)

Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

Source Data Automation Point of sale terminals Bar code scanner Optical character reader Handwriting recognizers Voice recognizers Magnetic ink character readers Digital computer cameras

Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

Cost Speed Usage Compatibility Reliability Feature Future growth Vendor support

Points to Remember Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

Discussion Questions What is the usage of the following different type of computer? –Supercomputers –Mainframes –Minicomputers –Workstations –Microcomputers Desktop personal computers Laptop computers/notebooks Palmtop computers

Discussion Questions What are the important criteria for purchasing the computer hardware for a department store such as Macy’s? What are the important criteria for purchasing the computer hardware for a elementary school?

Assignment Review technology guide 1 Read technology guide 2, 3, 4 Form group and prepare group list Group assignment Research paper