Role of universities in ITS research January Peter Sweatman David Kapp

University role in ITS research n Current university role is subsidiary n Universities can assist ITS to be more transformative o Where will the transportation funding come from? o Universities are safety leaders and safety must go global o Large sectors beyond “transportation” are interested in ITS; universities already have multiple interests

Current University role is significant, yet subsidiary Universities have the capability to cover a) through c) at least Driver attention, response, behavior and attitudes are critical – major current university role – major data resources with minimal analysis Developing technologies and materials eg. wireless, cellular, sensors, intelligent materials Vehicle design and performance Infrastructure design, performance and maintenance Highway operations and traffic modeling a) Innovation and development b) Demonstration and evaluation c) Policy and standards d) Deployment

Video Data visualization

5 IVBSS Scope and Purpose n A 5 year effort to develop and field test integrated safety systems for passenger vehicles and heavy trucks n Safety systems will provide warnings for rear- end, lane change and road departure crashes in addition to arbitration of multiple crash threats o Forward crash warning, lane departure warning, lane change/merge warning, curve speed warning n Includes a one-year field test on public roads to determine system performance, safety benefits, and user acceptance

6 Light Vehicle Sensor Coverage Forward Crash Warning (FCW) Lateral Drift Warning (LDW) Lane-change/Merge (LCM) Curve speed Warning (CSW) Radar Vision

7 Nov 2005Nov 2006Nov 2008August 2010June 2008Feb 2009 Engineering Development Vehicles Prototype Vehicles Pilot Vehicles Extended Pilot FOT Data Collection Phase II – 27 months Phase I – 30 months Timeline - Vehicle Deployment

U.S. DOT Field Operational Tests Conducted by UMTRI Light Vehicles & Heavy Trucks – Multiple Systems Est. 750K mi 150+ drivers IVBSS Light Vehicles– Lane Departure/Curve Speed 137K mi, 78 drivers RDCW FOT Light Vehicles – Forward Crash/ACC 110K mi, 96 drivers ACAS FOT ACAS FOT (GM/Delphi/UMTRI) RDCW FOT (UMTRI/Visteon) Light Vehicles – ACC ICC FOT 131K mi, 108 drivers Heavy Trucks - Rollover 480K mi, 23 drivers RSA

Universities can assist ITS to be more transformative Modeling to speed up evaluation Driver acceptance and interface need upfront R&D – standards to be developed Driver behavior with increased automation Is ITS transformative, supportive or a countermeasure? Safe, secure, sustainable, resilient?? What are we transforming to? State DOTs, cities and counties need support – UTCs should play this role Universities engage students and develop systematic knowledge – really good at asking the right questions

Resilience Ability to flourish in the face of adaptation, randomness, invasion, disruption, trauma, and environmental stress. Scott Page The Wisdom of Crowds 2009 SMART Summit

Transportation Resilience Complex systems analysis: 576 cases Scott Page

Four Questions Of What? To What? Through What? With What? Scott Page

Of What? Individual Access Economic Efficiency National Objectives Global Sustainability Scott Page

To What? Trauma: fire, accidents Events: sporting and cultural Innovations: electric cars, Segways Development: schools, housing, businesses, malls Economics: price of electricity, oil, natural gas Environment: weather, climate Scott Page

Through What? Physical Infrastructure Management Governance Users Chilan Ta, Kelly Pitera and Anne Goodchild Scott Page

With What? Diversity: Multiple Paths Diversity: Multiple Responses Variation Adaptive Capacity Modularity Anticipation Scott Page

n Simulates the movements of individual vehicles n Simulates interactions with o Road geometry o Other vehicles o Traffic signals o Variable message signs o Incidents o Pedestrians n Offers an extensive application programming interface o Allows a wide array of new functionalities to be modeled o Allows overriding of driver behavior models Modeling of IntelliDrive

U.S. DOT VII Proof-of-Concept Testbed Detroit Novi

IntelliDrive System Modeling Concept Simulation of RSEs using VMS Beacons Snapshot generation to be performed by vehicles Snapshots to remain within vehicle until upload by an RSE Applications associated with the network or specific simulation objects Data storage within link objects used a emulator of link-based database at a central server

Where will the transportation funding come from? Funding in the “transportation domain” is reduced and focused on USDOT agenda VMT pricing and beyond is not included in current plans Innovative financing will be needed

Large sectors beyond “transportation” are interested in ITS The worlds of energy, emissions and security are interested in how the system operates Universities also engage in: Energy, emissions, security research Infrastructure health monitoring Multi-modal connectivity in cities Telecommunications displacing transportation - acessibility Universities engage these sectors and create centers for transformational change

VARIOUS SCALES (taxonomy) Multi-amenity hubSimple hub IT enhanced

DC Hub Network MAPPING (a big breakthrough) Ann Arbor survey: - most people asked for what’s already there

Automotive safety will go global Global safety standards – to include ITS?? Start with occupant protection, then crash avoidance Shifts in domination of world automotive manufacturing? Shifts in model norms – urban vehicles? Who sets the standards? Universities are established leaders in safety research

Universities can assist ITS to be more transformative n Human-centered standards for the technology n Modeling of benefits n Partnerships to assist the auto industry with global leadership in automotive safety standards, including ITS n Innovative funding needed in transportation sector – research in VMT pricing n Sharing costs by engaging the energy, emissions and security sectors Collaborations and discovery-innovation centers