© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Wound Care and Bloodborne Pathogens Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Healthcare facility must be maintained as clean and sterile to prevent spread of disease and infection Must take precautions to minimize risk Must take whatever measures to prevent contamination

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Bloodborne Pathogens __________________, present in _________ ______ and other fluids (____________, _______, __________ and _________) that can potentially cause disease Most significant pathogens are Hepatitis B, C and HIV Others that exist are Hepatitis _______ and _________

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Hepatitis B Major cause of viral infection, resulting in ________, ________, _____________ ________ Signs and symptoms –____________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________ –Possible that individual will not exhibit signs and symptoms ___________________________

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. –May test positive w/in ________ of symptom development –85% recover within ___________ Prevention –_____________________________________ ________________ –HBV can survive in blood and fluids, in dried blood and on contaminated surfaces for at least ____________ –Vaccination against HBV Hepatitis B

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Hepatitis C Both an acute and chronic form of liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) Most common __________________ in United States Leading indication for ______________ Signs & Symptoms –80% of those infected have no _____ –May be _______, have mild abdominal pain, __________, nausea, ______, muscle/joint pain, and/or dark urine

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virus that has potential to _____________ ____________ According to World Health Organization 42 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2002

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Symptoms and Signs –Transmitted by __________________________ –Fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, painful or swollen glands, night sweats and fever –Antibodies can be detected in blood tests within __________ of exposure –May go for __________ before signs and symptoms develop –Most that acquire HIV will develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Human Immunodeficiency Virus

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Collection of signs and symptoms that are recognized as the effects of an infection _________________________________ Positive test for HIV cannot ___________ __________________________________ After contracting AIDS, people generally die w/in 2 years of symptoms developing

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Management –No vaccine for HIV, ________ even though drug therapy is available –Research looking for preventive vaccine and effective treatment –Most effective drug combination __________________ _______________________________________ __________________ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. HIV and Athletic Participation No definitive answer as to whether asymptomatic HIV carriers should participate in sport _______________________ says athletes infected ___________________ and may only be excluded with __________________

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. –Disinfectant Contaminated surfaces should be clean immediately with solution of _______ approved disinfectant to water Should ____________ Contaminated towels should be ______, ______, and _________ from other soiled laundry, then transported in _____________________ –Wash in hot water (____________________) –Laundry done outside institution should be _______________ –Sharps Needles, razorblades, and scalpels Use extreme care in handling and disposing all sharps Universal Precautions

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Caring for Skin Wounds Skin wounds are extremely common in sports __________________ makes it susceptible to injury Numerous mechanical forces can result in trauma –____________________________________ ______________________________

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Types of wounds –__________ Skin scraped against rough surface _____________________________________________ Often involves exposure to dirt and foreign materials = __________ __________________ –_______________ Sharp or pointed object tears tissues – results in wound with ______ ___________ May also result in _______________ –____________ Wounds with _______________ Caring for Skin Wounds

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. –__________________ Can easily occur during activity and can be ______ _______________________________________ _________________________ All severe lacerations and puncture wounds should be referred to a physician –___________________ Skin is torn from body = _______________ ________________________________________ _________________________ Take to hospital for reattachment Caring for Skin Wounds

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Immediate Care Should be cared for immediately All wounds should be treated as though they have been _________________________ ________________ To minimize infection clean wound with copious amounts of _____, _____ and ________________

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Dressing –Sterile dressing should be applied to keep wound clean –______________ are extremely effective in minimizing scarring –Antibacterial ointments are effective in limiting _______________ and _______________ __________________ –Utilization of hydrogen peroxide can occur several times daily before reapplication of ointment Caring for Skin Wounds

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Are sutures necessary? –Decision should be made by a ___________ –Sutures should be used within ___________ –Physician may decide wound does not require sutures and utilize steri-strips or butterfly bandages Caring for Skin Wounds

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Signs of Wound Infection –Same as those for inflammation _______ __________ _________________ –Pus may form due to accumulation of _______ –________________ as immune system fights bacterial infection Caring for Skin Wounds

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Most wound infections can be treated with antibiotics _________________ has become resistant to some antibiotics –Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (_____) is more difficult to treat and infection is extremely difficult to treat –If cause of infection is not discovered early and ________________ are used initial infection that starts in skin could ______________________________ Caring for Skin Wounds

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

______________ –Bacterial infection that may cause _____ and __________ and possibly _______________ _____ for non-immunized athletes –Tetanus bacillus enters wound as _____ and acts on _____________________ –Following childhood vaccination, boosters should be supplied once _____________ Caring for Skin Wounds