Nonpoint Source Management Plan: Issues and Opportunities Greg Anderson Nonpoint Source Coordinator MO DNR

Common Nonpoint Source Impairments Sediment Phosphorus Nitrogen Pesticides Acidity and Salts Heavy metals Low Dissolved Oxygen Various Urban Stormwater

Sedimentation and Soil Erosion

Several water quality problems can be associated with cattle and grazing: bank instability, soil compaction, loss of vegetation, manure and enteric bacteria in streams.

Overgrazing keeps grass roots short by keeping the leaves short. Short leaves can't generate enough energy to feed deep roots.

Streambank erosion is often caused by loss of riparian vegetation, grade and channel modifications.

In 200 years, the U.S. has lost over 1/3 of its topsoil. About half of U.S. fertilizer simply replaces nutrients lost to soil erosion. (NOAA 2002)

Phosphorus Excessive nutrient loading stimulates algae growth, such as this filamentous blue green algae

And causes algae blooms such as this.

And this.

Sediment and Nutrients - loading often varies with landuse and management practices.

Nitrogen Gulf hypoxic zone - the “brown water ” is carrying excess nutrients and sediment

Every year 1.57 million metric tons of nitrogen (nitrate and organic nitrogen) enter the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi basin. Soil mineralization Fertilizer (the largest annual inputs) Legumes and pasture Animal manure Atmospheric deposition Septic systems Municipal and industry point pollution

Red = 10mg/m 3 phytoplankton pigment

Low Dissolved Oxygen Fish mortality due to lack of oxygen in the water. Eutrophication and oxygen depletion Excessive nutrients cause increased plant growth. The decaying organic matter, often primarily phytoplankton and zooplankton, depletes oxygen in the system.

Pesticides

Pesticides find their way into streams and drinking water supplies.

In addition to toxic compounds, pesticides may also contain mutagenic compounds and endocrine disrupters. Other emerging problems include antibiotic and hormone loading.

Acid mine drainage, iron precipitate, heavy metals and iron loving bacteria.

Mine spoil eroding into stream. This spoil contains large amounts of sulfates, manganese, and iron in addition to contributing heavy metals and acidic drainage.

Urban Stormwater Heavy metals Nutrients Pesticides Sediment Hydrocarbons Others

Urban Stormwater

319 Nonpoint Source Implementation Program - “319 Grant” Nonpoint Sources Nonprofits, Educational Institutions, Local Governments Watershed Approach - Locally Led Consistent with Missouri’s Nonpoint Source Management Plan

Nonpoint Source Management Plan Required by the Clean Water Act

Nonpoint Source Management Plan In order to prevent or control NPS pollution, pollutants or conditions must be identified, their role in water quality must be understood and the sources of pollutants or conditions must be identified.

Nonpoint Source Management Plan Components Goals and Objectives Prioritization Assessment Funding Milestones Partners Evaluation

Nonpoint Source Management Plan Revisions Annual updates are required Fifth year requirement is a major revision

Nonpoint Source Management Plan -Issues- Content - Contributions of time and input to write a good plan Committed long-term participation to follow through, evaluate, and adapt There is a great need to share watershed information, data, and join in committed and consolidated watershed based efforts

Nonpoint Source Management Plan -Opportunities- Watershed approach A good plan Annual reports of accomplishments and challenges Opportunities to work together toward an honorable goal - clean water

Questions? Please feel free to contact me. Greg Anderson