October 2005ALMA Cost Review1 Atacama Large Millimeter Array Science IPT Review Project Scientists: Al Wootten, (Lead; currently JAO PS pro tempore) Tom Wilson, (Deputy) Ryohei Kawabe: ALMA-J Lead

October 2005ALMA Cost Review2 Recap: Work Description Charged with setting high level science specifications and requirements –Delivered high level Science Specifications and Requirements document –Continuing interplay with rest of project –Attend project reviews, often writing reports. –Make certain that these are transmitted to other IPTs –Check on flow downs and help develop alternatives, if needed Set up meetings of ALMA Science Advisory Committees –Interaction with Management IPT, JAO, Board –ASAC-tending, as an ALMA Board Committee is a Project Scientist duty—dissemination of Reports, Agendas, Minutes –Regional Project Scientists tend regional SACs ANASAC in North America ESAC in Europe JSAC in Japan Community outreach –Development and dissemination of presentation material –Production and distribution of community reports, newsletters –Workshop development and execution

October 2005ALMA Cost Review3 Recap: R&D Involvement Develop and commission calibration strategies for ALMA –Site characterization, design of weather stations for site –Corrections for phase fluctuations due to atmospheric water vapor Description of Water Radiometer (WVR) and software for these corrections Simulations including WVR and Fast Switching (FS) techniques –Amplitude calibration device assessment, with SE, FE IPTs Design the ALMA configuration, with consulting Management, SE, Site, Antenna IPTs Design imaging strategies and simulators

October 2005ALMA Cost Review4 Science IPT Structure ALMA Board JAO Incl. ALMA Project Scientist Now A. Wootten Science IPT Project Scientists Instrument Scientists ASAC Astronomy Community Configuration Calibration Imaging Site Charac- terization SSR Liaisons Operations, Verification Others Configuration Working Group (Quasi-active) Calibration Working Group Site Working Group (Quasi-active) J. Conway M.Holdaway K-I Morita J.Mangum M.Holdaway (A.Stirling) D.Emerson B. Vila-Vilaro M.Holdaway S.Myers L.Nyman A. Otarola R.Lucas Project Scientists R.Laing R.Warmels (Web) Project Scientists (Outreach) M. Hogerheijde (DRSP) Operations Group A.Wootten (in reconstitution ) Project Regional Managers

October 2005ALMA Cost Review5 Progress to Date: Overview Requirements defined and promulgated, overall and for subsystems Design Reference Science Plan developed and maintained –Calibration aspects added –Employed to assess impact of BCPs on project Configuration staked to 4km, strawman design to full extent of array developed Site characterization data since 1995, >80% complete Calibration Plan maintained, revised Attendance at most reviews, often panel member(s) Imaging simulators developed, algorithms published –Maintenance of the ALMA Sensitivity Calculator

October 2005ALMA Cost Review6 WBS Summary Science: Further work on the following items: –Array Configuration: finishing design for long baselines –Simulations: packages used throughout ALMA, total power imaging stability requirements, nutator requirements, mosaicing and on the fly interferometry Delivered simulators in Gildas, aips++, sensitivity simulator online –Calibration: Testing, leading to commissioning of Calibration Plan Development of Calibrator listing Amplitude: tests at ATF of amplitude calibration device, including total power calibration Phase: WVR implementation and interplay with fast switching –First tests at SMA; ATF implementation untimely –Imaging: Commissioning of ALMA Imaging Pipeline Development of algorithms

October 2005ALMA Cost Review7 WBS Summary Phase 2 Science Support –Maintenance of scientific priorities and goals Now as a split activity run by NA ( NA) and EU ( EU) –Includes activities through testing at the ATF Phase 2 Site Characterization (following approved document ALMA A-SPE & interface milestone ALMA A-ICD) –N.B. This activity is subsumed within 3040NA for NA. –management and maintenance of the site infrastructure –design, development, and deployment of instrumentation for monitoring of atmospheric conditions, –data collection, analysis and modeling the effects of the atmosphere on incoming radio waves.

October 2005ALMA Cost Review8 WBS Summary ALMA Commissioning in Chile (NA/EU) –Commissioning and Science Verification (CSV) involves testing and optimization of the ALMA system Goal is to ensure that the science requirements are met Part of commissioning is Scientific Verification Commissioning and SV carried out by the same team –Commissioning involves initial tests, interaction with Systems Integration and other IPTs to identify and resolve faults, optimization, training of operations staff –SV done to verify and document performance of an observing mode for users »Continuing and incremental activity »Tests the end to end system »Demonstration Science is a part of the SV process »This WP does not cover work at the ATF There is a gradual handover of the commissioning activity to Operations during

October 2005ALMA Cost Review9 Progress to Date: Requirements Three regional ‘Instrument Scientists’ review and report Reference Documents delivered –ALMA Scientific Specifications and Requirements (ALMA A- SPE) approved by CCB, awaiting Board action –Secondary documents produced for elaboration, clarification Nutator requirements published RF Membrane requirements drafted Solar filter, quarter wave plate requirements being recast System Requirements Review –Chaired by Science IPT, arranged by SE, attended by all IPTs –Periodic meetings to review requirements and their flowdown between Science, SE and other IPTs

October 2005ALMA Cost Review10 Progress to Date: Design Reference Science Plan Submitted Dec Web version: Provides a quantitative reference for –developing the science operations plan, –for performing imaging simulations, –for software design, and –for other applications within the ALMA project. Specifically, it can be used to: allow cross-checking of the ALMA specifications against "real" experiments allow a first look at the time distribution for – configurations – frequencies – experimental difficulty (fraction of projects pushing ALMA specs) start developing observing strategies derive "use-cases" for the Computing IPT be ready in case some ALMA rescoping is required, or in case some ALMA specifications cannot be met. Currently in active use by the project –Assessment of calibration accuracies needed –Assessment of impact of project baseline change proposals, including evaluation of the impact of a fewer-antenna ALMA on individual DRSPs.

October 2005ALMA Cost Review11 DRSP Themes Theme 1: Galaxies and Cosmology [Leader: Guilloteau] –1.1 The high-redshift universe –1.2 Gravitational lenses –1.3 Quasar absorption lines –1.4 SZ with ALMA –1.5 Gas in galactic nuclei –1.6 The AGN engine –1.7 Galaxies in the local universe –1.8 ALMA and the Magellanic Clouds Theme 2: Star and planet formation [Leader: Wootten] –2.1 Initial conditions of star formation –2.2 Young stellar objects –2.3 Chemistry of star-forming regions –2.4 Protoplanetary disks Theme 3: Stars and their evolution [Leader: Cox] –3.1 The Sun –3.2 Mm continuum from stars –3.3 Circumstellar envelopes –3.4 Post-AGB sources –3.5 Supernovae –3.6 Gamma ray bursts Theme 4: Solar system [Leader: Butler] –4.1 Planetary atmospheres –4.2 Asteroids and comets –4.3 Extrasolar planets

October 2005ALMA Cost Review12 Three Year Duration Theme 1: Galaxies and Cosmology: 40% = 14.4 months = hr Theme 2: Star and Planet Formation: 30% = 10.8 months = 7880 hr Theme 3: Stars and their evolution: 20% = 7.2 months = 5250 hr Theme 4: Solar system: 10% = 3.6 months = 2620 hr Employ sensitivities on the ESO ALMA Web at: – –Based on ALMA memo 393. Maintained to keep the DRSP abreast of the field by Michiel Hogerheijde

October 2005ALMA Cost Review13 Progress to Date: Configuration –Configuration Configuration group work began 1998, several reviews, culminating in contract with Conway and Holdaway as mentors Plan for 64 antenna ALMA approved –Inner, outer configurations, first Early Science configs, reconfiguration Plan for 50+ configuration submitted, staked on site Includes reconfiguration plan

October 2005ALMA Cost Review14 Basis for Redesign The Executives requested an analysis of the baseline, based on currently available funding. Accordingly, the JAO asked the Science IPT for a design for a 50 antenna array which could provide excellent imaging along with the possibility of extension to 64 antennas. Science IPT renewed contract with Conway, asked Conway and Holdaway to produce such a design before the end of Summer Principles of Design –Imaging shall be done in a single configuration when practicable. –Continuous reconfiguration scheme preferable.

October 2005ALMA Cost Review15 Status Configuration optimization complete to <4km –Full set of optimized intermediate configurations –Total of ~35 dedicated pads, compared to 216 previously. 11 of these, mostly in close-packed array, to be built only for N=64. –Outer configuration strawman reaches 4mas at 950 GHz Awaits synchronization with Environmental concerns (Vizcacha avoidance and new road/fiber plan) Ground-truthing on the site –Nyman, Rivera, Holdaway perfect the mask –Otarola, Stirling, Rivera to Chajnantor 2005 August –Assess conformance of actual landforms to Digital Elevation Model (perhaps 300m errors) –Iteration of Conway-chosen locations with John to determine these final locations Final version then produced by August 17. –Comments from the ASAC have been favorable.

October 2005ALMA Cost Review16 Close-packed Configuration Features Basically unchanged from previous 60 pad design 9 outer pads, 1 inner pad subtracted Imaging performance verified (ALMA Memos 428, 430) Extended NS configuration outside (-55º, +15º)—no transit shadowing to +35º, 16 add’l pads Two reserved pads to be built for 64 antenna array.

October 2005ALMA Cost Review17 Intermediate Configurations Can support nearly continuous reconfiguration –~20 configurations within 4km –Four antennas moved at a time Resolution change –Two per day per transporter –Almost certainly will not actually schedule this pace! 10% Stretch (ALMA Memo 119) on spiral design, constrained by terrain mask. Three pads to maintain short spacings Two pads to accommodate NS extension Inward reconfiguration opposite of outward except for innermost shadowed configurations I, O configurations differ slightly for inner 15.

October 2005ALMA Cost Review m Chajnantor site ALMA APEX CBI Site Char

October 2005ALMA Cost Review19 Design

October 2005ALMA Cost Review20 Progress to Date: Calibration Calibration –Calibration Working Group (J. Mangum, leader) holds monthly telecons with agendas and minutes Includes representatives from currently operating millimeter interferometers, other IPTs –Calibration Specifications and Requirements (ALMA B-SPE)—approved 2002-Nov-26; updated document in revision –ALMA Calibration Plan (SCID A-PLA)—revised yearly; in third version –WVR implementation on SMA under way –Amplitude Calibration Device review (05Aug25) –ATF to be testbed for plan DRSP used as foil for plan

October 2005ALMA Cost Review21 Rebaselining Changes Scope: IPT costs are mostly personnel –Commissioning WBS carved out of catchall WBS: several positions shift to Commissioning as AIV proceeds. Budget is level of effort –Testing of prototype two element interferometer with prototype electronics at ATF by Science IPT staff assisted by other IPTs Schedule dependencies –Schedule of prototype deliveries at ATF –AIV schedule in Chile

October 2005ALMA Cost Review22 Budget CTC estimate is million. This consists of 75% for salaries and travel –Contingency is 5.1% –Contingency is a 0.1% reduction in the planned contingency from the plan of 2002 March 12. Assumptions & dependencies are based on the Integrated Project Plan Bases of estimates: –Present staff is nearly complete in NA and EU Attempts to hire a JAO Project Scientist to lead science in CSV in Chile so far not successful Currently, regional Project Scientists plan to rotate through JAO PS position on a four month turno until antennas arrive in Chile –Commissioning effort adds staff in Chile augmented by postdocs Recovery plans for budget problems –Delay in hiring of postdocs –Small reduction in travel

October 2005ALMA Cost Review Science Cost Estimate $ 460 $ 9,325 Totals $ 9,785 < <

October 2005ALMA Cost Review Science Summary Schedule (Data from IPS as of 2005Sep28) ATF Testing Support OSF/AOS Commissioning OSF / AOS Completion Dates 16 th 32 nd 50 th Science Verification / Demonstration Science DRAFT ATF ` Early Science Feb ’09 Early Science Decision Point Call for Proposals / Early Science Preparation March 31 ’12 Start of Full Science AOS 6 Ant Array Evaluation Complete 8 th OSF AIV Completion Dates 1 st 16 th 32 nd 50 th 3 rd 2 nd SE&I Reference ATF Testing Prototypes & Pre-Production 8 th June ’06 ATF First Fringes SCIENCE SUMMARY Site Characterization

October 2005ALMA Cost Review25 Risk Register

October 2005ALMA Cost Review26 Interactions ALMA-J interaction – Complete integration of Science IPT occurs at every level –There are not expected to be problems in this process –Fomalont visiting JP to discuss ACA calibration aspects next week. Operations interaction – Need a full team with a JAO Project Scientist in place to ensure successful CSV process with transition to HSO/Operations. Currently, PS interact with JAO, proto-ARCs. Problems specific to Science –The CSV work at the ATF and in Chile depend on the schedule being met by other IPTs. To ensure communication, CIPT members attend most ScIPT telecons; PS attends CIPT/SSR telecons; NA PS and IS attend PSI telecons; PS attends Board, JAO/MIPT telecons and maintains presence in JAO/Santiago. Wootten produces ‘Biweekly Calendar’ of goings-on around the Project.