Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware Unit 7 Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware

Hand Tools Essential for work in design, construction, maintenance, and repair

Classification of Tools - Chisels and punches - Screwdrivers - Clamps - Wrecking tools - Digging tools - Layout tools - Saws Boring tools Hammers Pliers - Wrenches

Layout Tools Used to measure or mark materials Examples rules square level chalk line tapes plumb bob

Saws Used to cut wood or metal Examples crosscut saw ripsaw dovetail saw hacksaw coping saw bow saw

Boring Tools Used to make or change the size or shape of holes Examples drill bits power/hand drills countersink

Hammers Rely on their weight and/or speed to move another tool or object Examples claw hammers sledges peen hammers mallets

Pliers Used to grip wood, metal, plastic, and other materials Examples slip joint pliers linesman’s pliers locking pliers

Wrenches Used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws Examples wrenches sockets ratchets

Chisels and Punches Used to cut or align materials as a result of being struck by a hammer Examples cold chisel wood chisel center punch

Screwdrivers Used to turn screws or other fasteners Examples flat head screwdriver Phillips head screwdriver torx screwdrivers nut drivers

Clamps Used to draw and hold objects together Examples C clamp bar clamp vise

Wrecking Tools Used to take apart existing structures and materials Examples pry bar wrecking bar

Digging Tools Used to turn, loosen, or remove earth Examples shovel mattock hoe/trowel rakes posthole digger

Fasteners Any device used to hold two or more pieces of material together or in place Examples nails screws nuts and bolts washers

Nails Driven into the material to be held Classified by use or form Length measured by the “penny” Generally made of steel or aluminum

Types of Nails Common—construction Cut—tongue-and-groove flooring Box—light household construction Finishing—interior finishing Shingle—nailing wood and shingles Roofing—rolled roofing and composition shingles Plasterboard—attach plasterboard to studs Hinge—fasten hinges on doors and cabinets Duplex—construction of concrete forms or electric fencing insulators on wooden posts Wire staple—wire fence construction Lead head—galvanized steel roofing and siding

Screws Fastener with threads that bite into the material it fastens Classified according to the material to be held, the metal they are made from, the shape of the head, or the type of tool needed to turn them Size specified by the diameter and length of shank

Bolts Fastener used with a threaded nut Usually straight with a round, square, or hex head Examples machine bolt cap screw stove bolt plow bolt carriage bolt

Important Terms Tool: instrument used in doing work Hand tool: powered by hand Power tool: operated by a power source other than human power Laminate: two or more flat pieces fastened together with an adhesive Adhesive: sticky substance Diameter: distance across the center of a round object Shank: long stem part of a nail or screw

Important Terms (continued) Head: enlarged top of a fastener Galvanized: coated with zinc Washer: flat disk with a hole in the center Hardware: special fasteners Hinge: pivots and permits a door or other object to swing back and forth/up and down Gussets: used to reinforce joints in wood and metal Flush plates: used to strengthen corners of frames and doors