1 Psychology 020 Mike Boisvert. 2 Course Information Contact Info: Office hours: by appointment Evaluations: 4 multiple-choice.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Psychology 020 Mike Boisvert

2 Course Information Contact Info: Office hours: by appointment Evaluations: 4 multiple-choice exams (each 2-hr) Thought paper

3 Thought Paper News reports of published research “Ask Patty” type articles Reports of health campaigns etc.. What are your thoughts on this article? Did the article ignore important details from the study it quotes? Does the article raise an important issue? Why do you think it is an important issue?

4 Course Objectives Understand historical roots of Psychology Understand scientific method/research methods used by psychologists Understand major theoretical perspectives within Psychology Understand principles, theories, findings of subfields of Psychology Be able to critically evaluate information presented in popular media about Psychology

5 What is Psychology? Clinical Counseling Cognitive Developmental Social Educational Personality Organizational And many, many more

6 The Common Elements? Behavior and thought Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and the mind

7 What Psychology is Not Psychics ESP Sitting in a leather chair and thinking Those people that you see on ‘Oprah’

8 Why Psychology? Why study behavior and the mind? 1.Pretty pervasive parts of being human 2.May provide answers about big questions (e.g. our origins) 3.Helping people 4.Informs other fields too (medicine, biology, marketing, etc.)

9 Where did Psychology come from? Physiology, philosophy, and biology got freaky and out came PSYCHOLOGY Psychology emerged in the 19 th century once folks accepted the idea that behavior and the mind could be studied scientifically

10 Those Nutty Philosophers Rene Decartes ( ) We are machines with a soul Mind and body as separate Animals have no soul

11 Those Nutty Philosophers British Empiricists Thomas Hobbes ( ) Contents of mind rest on experience John Locke ( ) ‘white paper’ or tabula rasa

12 Those Nutty Physiologists Sechenov and Pavlov Role of reflexes Flourens and Broca Localization of function

13 Those Nutty Biologists Charles Darwin Possible to explain origins of humanity without requiring religion “On the Origin of Species”, 1859 Part-time bass player for ZZ Top

14 Those Nutty Psychologists Die ersten Psychologen waren deutsch Wilhelm Wundt Opened first psych lab at U of Leipzig (1879) Simple experiments to study sensations, memories, judgments

15 Wundt’s Experiments This is an analog of one of his experiments.. Instructions: Phase 1: Place the palm of your left hand on your desk When you see a colored shape lift your hand off your desk and raise it above your head Do this as quickly as you can

16 Reaction time = 0.20 sec

17 Wundt’s Experiments OK, that was the easy task Instructions: Phase 2: Place both hands on your desk If the circle is red raise your left hand, but if it is green raise your right hand Do this as quickly as you can

18 Reaction time (RT) = 0.29 sec

19 Wundt’s Experiments RT(phase 2) – RT(phase1) = time required to perform mental events Mental events were the judgment about color and the response decision RTphase 1 = 0.20 s RTphase2 = 0.29 s Time required for categorization/decision = 0.09 s

20 Also in Europe… Sigmund Freud ( ) Psychoanalysis Unconscious mental conflicts We’ll come back to Freud later

21 It’s Not a Purse…It’s European Ethology Lorenz, Tinbergen, von Frisch Naturalistic studies of animals Innate behaviors

22 Meanwhile in the USA Behaviorism Reaction against introspection John B. Watson ( ) “Mind” is bogus concept Role of environment Expanding animal research From 1920s on behaviorism became dominant tradition in psychology

23 Behaviorism B.F. Skinner ( ) “Radical behaviorist” Developed new apparatus for testing animal behavior, “Skinner box” These things are still commonly used to study animal behavior

24 Cognitive Psychology Behaviorism began to wane in the 1960s Factors: Increasing focus on biological basis of behavior Rise of computers – new analogy for the brain Hardware: physical machinery of brain Software: steps involved in acquiring, processing, storing input

25 You say you want a revolution? Prominent figures in the early cognitive revolution Jean Piaget Children’s reasoning abilities Kids pass through mental stages in which reasoning becomes more advanced Noam Chomsky Language as a system of mental rules Rules based on innate capacities of mind