THE ENGLISH COLONIES

EXPLORATION & SETTLEMENT 1585-Roanoke, Sir Walter Raleigh Power shift due to the defeat of the Spanish Armada Changes in England –Population growth –Unemployment –Joint stock companies –Religious persecution

VIRGINIA 1606-Virginia Company of London Charter from King James I 1607-Jamestown-400 settlers 1608-John Smith “Starving Time”-winter of , only 60 settlers left

VIRGINIA Experimentation with crops, found “savior” crop Tobacco-John Rolfe Headright System and Indentured Servants 1619-Introduction of African slavery 1619-House of Burgesses 1624-Charter revoked by King James II

PLYMOUTH (MASSACHUSETTS) Separatists-Members of Anglican Church who wanted to return to simplistic roots Persecution in England- Why? 1608-group flees England to Holland called themselves “Pilgrims” After 12 years, decide to leave, negotiated land with Virginia Company

PLYMOUTH (MASSACHUSETTS) Two boats-Speedwell and Mayflower Missed destination-landed Plymouth Rock Became “squatters”-Which means? Mayflower Compact William Bradford-Gov. for 30 years First winter only 40 survived Squanto-First Thanksgiving

MASSACHUSETTS BAY Puritans-believed the Anglican church could be fixed by “purifying” it organized Massachusetts Bay Company John Winthrop & 1000 settlers Learned from Jamestown Most successful

MASSACHUSETTS BAY “Bible Commonwealth” Voting rights- Purpose of Government- Ministers not allowed to hold public office First Act of separation between church and state 1691-Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay merge to form one colony

PURITAN RELIGION Original Sin Predestination Strict moral behavior Judgment of others “Puritan Ethic”

NEW HAMPSHIRE Squatters from Massachusetts 1622-land given by King to Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason Two separate colonies, Massachusetts claimed the land, 1641-two colonies united under Massachusetts 1679-King separates 1691-United and became a royal colony

MARYLAND 1634-founded by Lord Baltimore Create a refuge for English Catholics 1649-Act of Toleration-granted freedom of religion to all Christians but death penalty to Jews and Atheists

CONNECTICUT Two Colonies Hartford-1635, Puritans from Boston, Thomas Hooker, 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut-first constitution, New Haven-1638, Puritan squatters, wanted a theocracy King Charles II proclaimed it a royal colony

RHODE ISLAND 1636-founded by Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson- dissidents from Massachusetts Organized the first Baptist Church –Complete freedom of religion –No compulsory attendance laws –No tax supported church –Sheltered Quakers Nicknames Secured charter in 1644

NEW YORK Originally settled by Dutch-New Netherlands New Amsterdam (Manhattan) 1664-Charles II gave charter for land to the Duke of York, English military lands in colony, Dutch surrendered Renamed-New York

NEW JERSEY Small Quaker settlement 1664-included in charter for New York Duke of York gives to two friends; Lord Berkeley and Lord Carteret Divided into East and West 1702-King combined into one royal colony

CAROLINAS Given to 8 nobles in 1670 by King Charles II Principle crop (SC)-rice, led to importation of African slaves Southern border often raided by Spaniards NC-mainly settled by squatters from Virginia- ”anti-authority” 1712-North and South separated and become royal colonies

PENNSYLVANIA Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), refused to support Anglican Church with taxes or to fight in military 1681-William Penn secured charter from King to pay off a debt owed to his father Advertised for settlers Paid Natives for land

PENNSYLVANIA Republican Assembly No tax supported church Freedom of Worship Due to liberal ideas and unrestrictive immigration-grew fast Philadelphia-”City of brotherly love”

DELAWARE Included in charter given to Penn Squatters-Swedish and Dutch Did not want to be included in Pennsylvania 1701-Penn granted them their own Representative Assembly

GEORGIA 1733-Last of 13 colonies Named in honor of King George III James Oglethorpe- debtors prison Carolinas-petitioned for “buffer state” King granted charter for debtors Least populous & prosperous

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES The most “English” Many problems with Indians Religious based First to attempt colonial unity Economy-fishing & trading Poor soil

MIDDLE COLONIES Soil fertile-”bread” colonies Rivers good for fur trade Industry-shipbuilding Most “American” –Mixed population –Freedom of religion –Democratic Assemblies

SOUTHERN COLONIES Also called “Plantation” colonies Economy dominated by Agriculture- Crops? Slavery found in all colonies Aristocratic-class system (except?) Some religious toleration