Week 10: Sensory Systems mechanical electrical. electrical signals muscle heart gill.. low frequency AC action potentials 0.1 to 50 Hz.

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Presentation transcript:

Week 10: Sensory Systems mechanical electrical

electrical signals muscle heart gill.. low frequency AC action potentials 0.1 to 50 Hz

electrical external stimulus behavior electrosensory systems environmental link highly selective

external stimulus (filtered) no energy transduction electric signal sensory neuron

Auditory = Gustatory smell sight electric movement hearing taste visual chemical mechanical electrical 6 senses

~ SW signals ~FW signals prey detection prey detection communication navigation/communication low frequency high frequency 2 types of electroreceptors no cilia (-)

seawater (+ + +) (+) [fish] 1/3 < [saltwater environment] hypo-osmotic [less] low potential (-)

freshwater (+) (+ + +) hyper-osmotic [more] [fish] 3x > [freshwater environment] high potential (- - -)

~ SW signals ~FW signals prey detection prey detection communication navigation/communication low frequency high frequency 2 types of electroreceptors no cilia (-)

electrosensory cells ~ SW prey detection

electric signals: muscle activity AC current wounding DC current low frequency 0.1 to 50 Hz Chondrichthyes

“weak” electric fishes Electrogenic fishes all skates = generate receive

communication generates 2.5 Hz mean electrical pulse frequency receives 2.0 to 3.0 Hz peak electrical pulse sensitivity electrical organs myogenic = from muscle clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria)

Sarcopterygii: coelacanth

rostral electroreceptors Actinopterygii: paddlefishes and sturgeon NA, Asia

Clupeomorpha: Engraulidae (sardines and anchovies)

~ SW signals ~FW signals prey detection prey detection communication navigation/communication low frequency high frequency 2 types of electrosensory cells

Osteoglossomorpha freshwater (not in Europe) bony tongue left oriented intestine African electricfishes exception

“weak” electric fishes Electrogenic fishes generate receive

apical membrane (0) mV to (–x) mV sensitivity to µV 0 to 250/s continuous basement membrane (0) mV to (–2x) mV Ca + electric current columns of electric cells electrocytes stacks of columns electroplaques

output: frequency, field shape, wave form, timing, pattern behavior: navigation, species recognition, predation, courtship, territorial defense

sturgeon bowfin salmon minnow catfish elephantfish cerebellum enlargement

receptor system Osteoglossiformes Gymnarchidae Africa

Gymnotiformes knifefishes ~60 to 100 sp. sister group to Siluriformes no dorsal, pelvic fins extended anal fin South American electricfishes

S. America SA knifefishes electric knifefishghost knifefish myogenic = from muscleneurogenic = from nervous tissue nocturnal

female frequency > male dominant male < submissive personal ~10-15 Hz difference to avoid “jamming” “weak” electric fishes

Jamming Avoidance Response = JAR

South American knifefish are weak electric fish African knifefish are not electric...