Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) for Student Diversity and Equity Council of State Science Supervisors San Antonio, TX April 8, 2013 Okhee Lee New York University

Topics 1.Context Increasing diversity in demographics Persistent achievement gaps Emerging educational policies 2.National Initiatives NGSS Diversity and Equity Team Understanding Language Initiative 3.Next Steps: NGSS State Implementation Plans

Changing Demographics Four Accountability Groups according to NCLB and ESEA (US Census) Economically disadvantaged students (Poverty) Students from major racial and ethnic groups (Race) Students with disabilities Limited English proficient students

Poverty Poverty gaps by race narrowed from 1970 to 2000 Poverty gaps by race have persisted since 2000 U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population Reports, series P60-238, and Historical Tables -- Tables 2 and 6, September Accessed online at

Poverty 22% of children live in poverty, the highest rate since the American Community Survey began in 2001 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011) 48% of students were eligible for free or reduced price lunch in (National Center for Education Statistics, 2012)

Race According to the 2010 U.S. Census: 36% of the U.S. population are minorities 45% of the U.S. population under 19 years old are minorities U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Statistical abstract of the United States, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Accessed online at

2042

2022

Disabilities The number of children and youth ages 3-21 receiving special education services under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was 6.5 million or 13% of student enrollment in 2009 (National Center for Education Statistics, 2011)

Language Today, over 1 in 5 students (21%) speak a language other than English at home Limited English Proficient (LEP) students (the federal term) have more than doubled from 5% in 1993 to 11% in 2007 National Center for Education Statistics. (2011). The condition of education 2011 (NCES ). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Science Achievement Gaps National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in Science 4th grade 8th grade 12th grade National Center for Education Statistics. (2011). The nation’s report card: Science Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Educational Policies Standards Assessments

Educational Policies Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for English Language Arts and Math – 45 states and 3 territories including D.C. choosing common standards Comprehensive Assessment Consortia (PARCC and Smarter Balanced) to measure CCSS Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

Take Home Message School-aged students from racial or ethnic minority backgrounds will soon become the majority in terms of number, although they are likely to remain minorities in terms of status. Achievement gaps persist. Education policy initiatives for academically rigorous standards and assessments are emerging across the nation.

Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): Diversity and Equity

NGSS Diversity and Equity Team Okhee Lee, team leader Emily Miller, ESOL Rita Januszyk, gifted and talented education Bernadine Okoro, alternative education Betsy O’Day, special education Netosh Jones, African American students Jennifer Gutierrez, district supervisor

Our Charge for “All Standards, All Students” Task 1. Bias Reviews of Standards Task 2. Chapter Task 3. 7 Case Studies Task 4. Diversity and Equity Theme in Appendices

Task 1: Bias Reviews of NGSS Diversity and equity - To avoid bias and stereotypes - To represent diverse groups of students - To use inclusive language Consistency of language - To enhance clear and common understanding, especially scientific terms Clarity of language - To avoid unnecessarily difficult language - To remove unnecessary and redundant words and phrases

Task 2: Chapter Four Accountability Groups 1.Economically disadvantaged students 2.Students from major racial and ethnic groups 3.Students with disabilities 4.Students with limited English proficiency Three Additional Groups 5.Gender 6.Students in alternative education programs 7.Gifted and talented students

Task 2: Chapter Section 1:NGSS Learning Opportunities & Demands for Non-Dominant Student Groups Section 2:Implementation of Effective Strategies in - Science classroom - Home and community - School resources Section 3:Context - Demographics - Science achievement - Educational policy

Task 3: 7 Case Studies Vignette Highlighting: - NGSS connections - CCSS ELA and math connections - Effective classroom strategies Research-Based Classroom Strategies Context - Demographics - Science achievement - Educational policy

Task 3: 7 Case Studies 1.Economically disadvantaged – 9 th grade chemistry 2.Racial and ethnic groups – 8 th grade life science 3.Disabilities – 6 th grade space science 4.English language learners – 2 nd grade earth science 5.Gender – 3 rd grade engineering 6.Alternative education – 10 th and 11 th grade chemistry 7.Gifted and talented students – 4 th grade life science

Task 4: Diversity and Equity Theme in Appendices Appendix C: College and Career Readiness Appendix D: All Standards, All Students (of course) Appendix F: Science and Engineering Practices Appendix G: Crosscutting Concepts Appendix I: Engineering Design, Technology, and the Applications of Science

19 Understanding Language Initiative Engage in a healthy public dialogue around what the CCSS and NGSS imply for English language learners (ELLs) Develop exemplars of what CCSS and NGSS- aligned instruction looks like Develop a vibrant, inquisitive, engaging online community

19 The New Standards... from Content Perspective raise the bar for content raise the bar for language call for a high level of classroom discourse across all content areas for all students, including English language learners

ELA and Literacy Standards Student Portraits 1. Demonstrate independence 2. Build strong content knowledge 3. Respond to the varying demands of audience, task, purpose, and discipline 4. Comprehend as well as critique 5. Value evidence 6. Use technology and digital media strategically and capably 7. Understand other perspectives and cultures Key Features Reading: Text complexity and the growth of comprehension Writing: Text types, responding to reading, and research Speaking & Listening: Flexible communication & collaboration Language: Conventions, effective use, and vocabulary

Math Standards Mathematical Practices 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others 4. Model with mathematics 5. Use appropriate tools strategically 6. Attend to precision 7. Look for and make use of structure 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning Core Ideas K-5 Counting & Cardinality (K) Operations & Algebraic Thinking Number & Operations Fractions (3) Measurement & Data Geometry 6-8 Ratios & Proportional Relationships Number System Expressions & Equations Functions (8) Geometry Statistics & Probability 9-12 Number & Quantity Algebra Functions Modeling Geometry Statistics & Probability

Science Standards Science & Engineering Practices 1. Ask questions (for science) and define problems (for engineering) 2. Develop and use models 3. Plan and carry out investigations 4. Analyze and interpret data 5. Use mathematics and computational thinking 6. Construct explanations (for science) and design solutions (for engineering) 7. Engage in argument from evidence 8. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information Crosscutting Concepts 1. Patterns 2. Cause and effect 3. Scale, proportion and quantity 4. Systems and system models 5. Energy and matter 6. Structure and function 7. Stability and change Core Ideas 1. Physical Sciences 2. Life Sciences 3. Earth and Space Sciences 4. Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science

S5. Use mathematics & computational thinking M6. Attend to precision M7. Look for & make use of structure E3. Respond to the varying demands of audience, talk, purpose, & discipline E1.Demonstrate independence E7. Come to understand other perspectives & cultures S2. Develop and use models M4. Model with mathematics M1. Make sense of problems & persevere in solving them M8. Look for & express regularity in repeated reasoning S1. Ask questions & define problems S3. Plan & carry out investigations S4. Analyze & interpret data E2. Build strong content knowledge E4. Comprehend as well as critique E5. Value evidence M2. Reason abstractly & quantitatively M3. Construct viable argument & critique reasoning of others S7. Engage in argument from evidence S6. Construct explanations & design solutions S8. Obtain, evaluate & communicate information E6. Use technology & digital media M5. Use appropriate tools strategically MATH SCIENCE ELA Source: Working Draft, by Tina Cheuk, ell.stanford.edu

19 The New Standards... from Language Perspective raise the bar for language raise the bar for content call for a high level of classroom discourse across all content areas for all students, including English language learners

Old Paradigm ContentLanguage Vocabulary Grammar Native-like fluency

New Paradigm Discourse Text (complex text) Explanation Argumentation Purpose Text structures Sentence structures Vocabulary LanguageContent

New Paradigm Content Discourse Text (complex text) Explanation Argumentation Purpose Text structures Sentence structures Vocabulary Discourse Text (complex text) Explanation Argumentation Purpose Text structure s Sentence structures Vocabulary Discourse Text (complex text) Explanation Argumentation Purpose Text structures Sentence structures Vocabulary Math Language Arts Science

19 How Language Develops Rich contexts – desire and opportunity to engage and contribute Multiple opportunities to hear and use (language) Appropriate supports Acceptance of “flawed” language

19 How Science Understanding Develops Rich contexts – desire and opportunity to engage and contribute Multiple opportunities to hear and use (science ideas) Appropriate supports Acceptance of “flawed” language; for example non-scientific language

19 Promoting Both Science and Language Learning for ELLs ELs can participate in classroom discourse focused on rich and exciting academic content ELs learn language best when they engage with academic content Focusing on both text and discourse gives ELs opportunities for extended engagement with complex ideas

Unpacking Language Demands in NGSS

Snapshot of Science Classroom

Related Initiative Related Initiative through CCSSO

19 Take Home Message High academic rigor through the NGSS for all students, including ELLs Both language demands and learning opportunities through the NGSS for all students, including ELLs A new set of teachers’ knowledge and practices to enable all students, particularly ELLs, learn science according to the NGSS

19 Resources 1. Lee, O., Quinn, H., & Valdés, G. (in press). Science and language for English language learners in relation to Next Generation Science Standards and with implications for Common Core State Standards for English language arts and mathematics. Educational Researcher. 2. Quinn, H., Lee, O., & Valdés, G. (2012). Language demands and opportunities in relation to the Next Generation Science Standards. and-opportunities-relation-next-generation-science- standards-ells 3. Diversity and Equity in the NGSS: All standards, all students. standards

Thank you!