History of scientists and aliens: 1.Giordano Bruno in 1600 was hung upside down in the town square naked and burned alive at the stake for stating for simply asking the question, “could there be other life in the universe?” He also believed the earth revolved around the sun. 2.In 1611, Johannes Kepler was also one of the first to question life in the universe. – What are other contributions of Kepler? 3.In 1938, interest grew for the interest in alien life the historic radio story of HG Well War of the Worlds causing people to believe aliens invaded Grover’s Mill NJ causing evacuations and panic. 4.In the 1950’s the idea of Martians spread due to the spotting of the an “M” on Mars, however, only volcanoes under the massive dust storm. 5.In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey made the famous experiment of a solution of ammonia, methane and other toxic chemicals with an electric current and within a week created amino acids! And amino acids are found commonly on meteorites and gas clouds in space!

More Scientists and Aliens Frank Drake- in 1961 he created a formula estimated how many civilizations could exist in our own Milky Way Galaxy. He focused on the use of radio waves to communicate with life in our galaxy – This formula was based on fraction of number of stars in galaxy comparing number of stars that could be like sun and compare to ratio of civilizations Carl Sagan believed there could be millions of civilizations in our Milky Way Galaxy – What are other contributions of Carl Sagan? The “WOW” Signal in 1977, radio waves picked up a signal of a nonrandom series of letters and numbers, which seemed to support the idea of possible intelligent life. The supported the movie Contact with Dr. Jill Carter. However, nothing was ever heard again.

Why is earth so special to support life? 1.H 2 O- universal solvent, simple compound 2.Carbon- can create molecules that are extremely complex- LIFE 3.Goldilocks' Zone 4.Jupiter-would have had over 1000 more impacts! 5.Our Moon- straightened our axis, would have had erratic and extreme temperature variations 6.Snowball Earth (2 bya) volcanoes and asteroids almost ended life 7.Almost human extinction 100,000 ya by massive volcanoes 8.Oddly large magnetosphere 9.Moderate speed of rotation-too slow=to hot, too fast=too violent 10.Location in Milky Way- far from interior radiation 11.Oxygen (from the plants) 12.Ozone Layer 13.Thermosphere 14.Mesosphere 15.Perfect Gravity and Atmospheric Pressure Earth may be unique in the galaxy for harboring life!

New discoveries to make us believe life can prevail in harsh environments… 1.Hydrothermal Vents- showing life can exist in the most unbelievable conditions 2.Europa- a moon where the strong gravity of the home planet can generate heat to the moon 3.Extrasolar Planets- are invisible to any telescope since they give off no light of their own or are too small for our technology but are examined based on their motion around their home star (over 600 and increasing) 4.Kepler- has found many “earth-like” planets – In its 1 st year= 50 about same size as earth, % larger and times larger than earth

What would they look like? Isaac Newton was first to question why all animals on earth had bilateral symmetry- two equal limbs, two eyes unlike radial such as starfish – Many believe the predator-prey influx of the Cambria period caused intelligence to evolve with bilateral symmetry By studying the evolution of life on earth, scientists have stated that intelligent alien life are required to have the following for sensing and manipulating their environment : (does not have to represent a human at all) What do YOU believe are these Four Requirements? 1.Some sort of eyesight (however which wavelength?) Predator, dolphins 2.Some sort of thumb 3.Some sort of speech Dolphins, dogs 4.Intelligence??? Human abilities to examine the universe However, predators generally are more intelligent than prey

Hydrothermal Vents

What do you believe an alien looks like? What type of environments have we discussed that scientists are examining for possible life on earth? – EXAMPLES???? 1.Now, on your white board, choose ONE of these environment of your alien. 2.Next, draw, label and EXPLAIN the evolutionary adaptations of your alien species. 3.Be prepared to share your alien and explanation with the class. Has there been alien life on Earth? – If so, what did it look like, when was “it” on earth? Why do you believe they were here? What did they look like? Should look only for earth-like planets to find life?

Ancient alien connections Ancient Alien Connections Ancient cave drawings in Africa Kaku and alien invasion Evidence of aliens

MS. WALL’S ALIEN THEORY Let’s explore Ms. Wall’s theory as to these observations and records of aliens over time here on earth. Use the following images to connect the ideas of Ms. Wall’s Alien Theory and record on your Case Study Analysis Worksheet.