The Renaissance (Rebirth) and Reformation

Preview and Processing 1. Who do you think the painting is of and why? 2. What unique features can you see in the painting that you would not have seen in art prior to the Renaissance? 3. What makes Renaissance Art revolutionary?

Ideal Man Charming, Polite, Witty Charming, Polite, Witty Well educated in Greek and Latin Well educated in Greek and Latin He should be able to dance, write poetry, sing and play music He should be able to dance, write poetry, sing and play music He should be physically graceful and strong He should be physically graceful and strong a skilled rider wrestler and swordsman a skilled rider wrestler and swordsman SEEK FAME SEEK FAME

Ideal Woman Well educated in Greek and Latin Well educated in Greek and Latin Write well, paint, make music, dance Write well, paint, make music, dance Be charming Be charming Expected to inspire poetry and art but rarely to create it Expected to inspire poetry and art but rarely to create it DOES NOT SEEK FAME DOES NOT SEEK FAME

The Sexiest Man Alive  Louis XIV of France  The Sun King

Characteristics of Renaissance Art 1. Always takes you to another room (indoor or out) 2. Often of a religious nature 3. Reflect common life 4. Apples = God’s dominion 5. One Candle = God’s presence

6. Shoes off = respect for god 7. Dogs = loyalty 8. Fruit = wealth 9. There are always tons of sexual under tones. 10. Paintings emphasis the dominance of man (patriarch v. matriarch)

Arena Chapel Giotto1305

Divine Comedy Dante

Petrarch’s Love Sonnet to Laura It was the day the sun's ray had turned pale with pity for the suffering of his Maker when I was caught, and I put up no fight, my lady, for your lovely eyes had bound me. It was the day the sun's ray had turned pale with pity for the suffering of his Maker when I was caught, and I put up no fight, my lady, for your lovely eyes had bound me.

The Medici Family Political rulers; Political rulers; Funded much of the Renaissance Funded much of the Renaissance Often depicted in religious context; demonstrates their believed superiority Often depicted in religious context; demonstrates their believed superiority

Donatello

The Healing of the Cripple & Resurrection of Tabitha Masaccio

Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince Most people were selfish, fickle & corrupt 2. Rulers may need to trick there enemies & their own people for the good of the state 3. Not concerned w/ morally rt. but w/ politically effective “The end justifies the means.”

The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo

PietaMichelangelo1499 A Pieta is Mary holding the crucified body of Jesus. A Pieta is Mary holding the crucified body of Jesus.

Madonna and Child Sassoferrato Making the Connection A Madonna is Mary and the Baby Jesus A Madonna is Mary and the Baby Jesus This is the most common image used on the postal stamp. This is the most common image used on the postal stamp.

School of Athens Raphael, 1510

1: Zeno of Citium Zeno of CitiumZeno of Citium 2: Epicurus Epicurus 3: Federico II of Mantua Federico II of MantuaFederico II of Mantua 4: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius 4: Anicius Manlius Severinus BoethiusAnicius Manlius Severinus BoethiusAnicius Manlius Severinus Boethius 5: Averroes Averroes 6: Pythagoras Pythagoras 7: Alexander the Great Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great 8: Antisthenes 8: AntisthenesAntisthenes 9: Hypatia Hypatia 10: Aeschines Aeschines 11: Parmenides Parmenides 12: Socrates Socrates 13: Michelangelo Michelangelo 14: Plato, (Leonardo da Vinci) PlatoLeonardo da VinciPlatoLeonardo da Vinci 15: Aristotle Aristotle 16: Diogenes of Sinope Diogenes of SinopeDiogenes of Sinope 17: Plotinus 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students 17: Plotinus 18: Euclid or Archimedes with studentsPlotinusEuclidArchimedesPlotinusEuclidArchimedes 19: Zoroaster Zoroaster 20: Ptolemy (Raphael) Raphael 21: Protogenes Protogenes

Henry VIII Hans Holbein 1537 “The Royal Painter”

The Wedding Portrait Jan Van Eyck, 1431 Giovanni di Nicolao ArnolfiniGiovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and his wife

Making the Connection Compare and contrast the class divisions seen in the paintings of peasant and noble dances / parties. Compare and contrast the class divisions seen in the paintings of peasant and noble dances / parties. What conclusions can you draw? What conclusions can you draw?

The Peasant Wedding Pieter Bruegel 1568

The Peasant Dance Pieter Bruegel 1568

Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci “The true Renaissance man”

Last Supper x ft. Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci x ft.

The Money Lender and His Wife Quentin Massys 1514

The Reformation Preview and Processing 1. Why did many people believe that the RCC needed reforming? 2. How did the Reformation affect the development of the RCC in terms of its power and influence?

Fearful child Fearful child Lightening=monk Lightening=monk October 31, 1517 October 31, 1517 –John Tetzel; Indulgences –95 Theses –Printing press –Reformation Edict of Worms Edict of Worms Martin Luther A Heretic!

Catholics v. Protestants 1. Salvation through works 2. Pope is the authority for Christian life 3. Only the Priest or RCC can offer forgiveness; prayer must be through a secondary party or RCC can offer forgiveness; prayer must be through a secondary party 1. Salvation by faith alone 2. Bible only authority for Christian life 3. Priesthood of all believers; direct line to God

Henry VIII Henry VIII Defender of the Faith Defender of the Faith

John Calvin John Calvin –Predestination –Huguenots

John Knox John Knox –Presbyter –Presbyterians

Ignatius and the Jesuits Ignatius and the Jesuits 1. Founded schools 2. Convert non Christian to Catholic 3. Stop spread of Protestantism

The Counter Reformation Council of Trent Council of Trent 1. Pope’s interpretation of the Bible was final 2. Salvation through faith & works 3. Bible & church w/ = authority for guiding a Christian's life 4. Indulgences, pilgrimages & veneration of holy relics were allowed 5. Created an Index of Forbidden Books

Making the Connection HW Who was Thomas More? Where was he from? What book did he write? Year? What was his connection to Henry VIII? What ultimately happened to him and why? Who was Erasmus? What country was he from? What book did he write? Year? What do he and More have in common? Did he and More ever meet?

The Scientific Revolution Geocentric (Ptolemy) v. Heliocentric (Copernicus) Geocentric (Ptolemy) v. Heliocentric (Copernicus) Galileo: Telescope Galileo: Telescope –Forced to recant his findings or be the stake

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 1. Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits 2. Planets move faster as they approach the sun 3. Time it take planets to orbit depends on how close they are to the sun

Meanwhile back in England… Henry VIII used the Protestant Reformation to justify his divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII used the Protestant Reformation to justify his divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. He is desperate for a male heir. He is desperate for a male heir. So much for “Defender of the Faith.” So much for “Defender of the Faith.”

The Tudors

War of the Roses York (white) v. Lancaster (red)

Catherine of Aragon Mary I (27)

Elizabeth I Anne Boleyn

Jane Seymour Edward VI Came to power in age 9. Died in age 15.

Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves Divorced Divorced

Katherine Howard Katherine Howard Beheaded for adultery Beheaded for adultery

Catherine Parr Catherine Parr Outlived Henry who died on January 28, 1547 Outlived Henry who died on January 28, 1547