3.042 Materials Project Laboratory Project Concept and Plan Team No-Drip Tania Chan Michele Dufalla Jacqueline Greene

According to the CDC, Center for Disease Control million children < 5 yrs old die of diarrhea diseases Water sources: Surface water sources such as rivers or lakes Groundwater wells that are potentially contaminated, particularly open shallow wells Piped systems in which the water is inadequately treated or flow is intermittent, allowing contamination through leaks where pipes are connected Piped water systems in which intermittent flow requires households to store water Water tankers Water vendors whose source of water is not safe or whose tanker or storage tank is not likely to be clean The Problem of Water Contamination

Lack of access to safe water Population shifts stress water & sanitation infrastructure due to natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc. Chlorine effectively inactivates the majority of organisms that cause diarrhea disease in humans Safe containers for storing water an issue; need cheaper taps to use for variety of storage canisters

CDC safe water vessel Produce in South Africa US $2.50 To purchase & ship to Zambia from South Africa, costs US $5 In India costs US$2 to produce & ship within country To make vessels locally, molds for vessel, spigot, & cap US $15,000

Dynamite Fast Tap Quart Bottle Spout $ ance&tag=nextag-toys-mp-20&camp=212325&creative= Commercially Available Water Taps

Tap ‘n Glue Dispenser Cap with Spring-Loaded Stopper $ Commercially Available Water Taps

Wood Tap $4.95 starting bid g%20W165: Commercially Available Water Taps

Spigot $ Commercially Available Water Taps

Water Containers at Various Countries

Water Containers at Various Countries

making.co.za/Vessels.aspx, making.co.za/Vessels.aspxwww.forthehorseofcourse.com/stall-stable.shtml Water Containers at Various Countries

18 Countries in Africa 12 Countries in Asia 2 Countries in Central America 3 Countries in South America Target Countries of Low Cost Water Taps

Consideration Criteria Low Raw Material Cost Availability of Materials in Local Areas Low Processing Cost Ease of Processing Durability Ease of Use Materials Consideration

Clay Natural Materials

Plants Materials Natural Materials

Animal Bones Natural Materials

Plastics Synthetic Recyclable Materials

Motor Oil Synthetic Recyclable Materials

Consideration Criteria Versatility, suitable for multiple types of water containers Tight fit, no leakage Durability Ease of Usage Tap Attachment Method

Conical Seals Tap Attachment

Threaded Screw Spigot Tap Attachment

Tubing Tap Attachment

Major Tasks Materials Selection -economics, availability Materials Testing -durability, processibility Device Design -versatility, user-friendliness Device Fabrication -feasibility, ease of use, tools needed Designing a Low Cost Water Tap

Questions?