Tashkent Medical Academy Department: Public health and hygiene

TOPIC: HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS choice land The construction of settlements Subject: Communal Hygiene

1 To familiarize students with the basic sanitary requirements for facilities of personal hygiene; 2 To teach students methods and techniques of construction projects for the consideration of personal hygiene; 3 To familiarize students with the protocol to enter into the project. PURPOSE OF EMPLOYMENT:

The student should know: The ethical and legal rules governing the relationship of man to man, society and the environment; The principles of operation of modern equipment used in preventive medicine for the quantitative determination of hazardous substances; Know the criteria of ecological and hygienic assessment of environmental objects

Student should be able TSN controlled on communal facilities; Perform visual, laboratory instrumentation, computational methods for determining the hygienic assessment of environmental factors; Conduct sanitary inspection of supervision and make the appropriate accounting and reporting documentation.

Requirements for the land plot allocated for the construction of residential houses. Should be aimed at removing the adverse impact of environmental factors (physical, chemical, biological) on public health and sanitary conditions of residence.

For residential building plots withdrawn, the most favorable in the natural regards located on the hills, away from the noise sources process emissions, adjacent to water bodies, green spaces transport emissions

One of the important phases of preventive health surveillance, which necessarily involved the doctor hygienist is the selection and allocation of land for construction. Land reserved for the construction of residential and public buildings must meet the following hygiene requirements.

1. Be of sufficient size, which will allow, in addition to a residential house, about rudovat on it and children's playgrounds, plant trees and shrubs, and in rural areas - to build business premises, place a household plot. The density of land development is dependent on the number of storeys of the building and shall not exceed 26%: Number of floors and more Building density,% For 16- and 9-storey buildings optimal building density should tvetstvovat with 12.5 and 15%.

2. Have a good filter uncontaminated soil. From that to a large tive depends indoor climate, especially rooms, LAYOUT adjoint on the ground floor. Hygienic value of this requirement is that is well permeable to air and moisture of the soil is always dry. In such good soils there are processes of self-purification. 2. Have a good filter uncontaminated soil. From that to a large tive depends indoor climate, especially rooms, LAYOUT adjoint on the ground floor. Hygienic value of this requirement is that is well permeable to air and moisture of the soil is always dry. In such good soils there are processes of self-purification. 3. Having a low level of standing water table at least 1.5 meters from the top of land and 1 m from the base of the foundation. Otherwise it is necessary to carry out measures to reduce their level. Failure to comply with this requirement the home is wet and cold. To prevent the penetration of soil moisture in the room is necessary to provide horizontal and vertical waterproofing of the foundation. 3. Having a low level of standing water table at least 1.5 meters from the top of land and 1 m from the base of the foundation. Otherwise it is necessary to carry out measures to reduce their level. Failure to comply with this requirement the home is wet and cold. To prevent the penetration of soil moisture in the room is necessary to provide horizontal and vertical waterproofing of the foundation.

4. There must be located in a well lit by the sun and affordable airing area. This requirement will help to adlezhaschemu natural lighting and ventilation omescheny. The distance between the residential buildings, residential and public, as well as the production should be determined on the basis of data orodolzhitelnosti their insolation. The distance between the front (long sides) 2-3 etazhnyhzhilyh buildings must be at least 15 m, between the facades of buildings up to 4 floors or more - 20 m. The distance between the end of the building having the window living rooms should be at least 15 m. When the location of 9-16-storey houses near the houses of the manor type, the distance between their facades must be at least one multi-storey building height.

5. Have a good natural or easily achievable by grading bias favorable to the flow of atmospheric water unit water and sewer network traffic. The most favorable is calm maloperesechenny terrain with a slope of 1-6%, suitable for construction - up to 10%, limited suitable % (in mountainous terrain - up to 30%). The slope of more than 20-30% is considered to be unusable.

7. To be convenient for laying water supply, sewerage, gas and the power to the entrance of transport. If in the village sewer tion is missing, the land would be sufficient for the device local sewage treatment plants. 8. Be as landscaping. The overall balance of the area parks, sa Dov green spaces should be at least 40%. 1 person must be at least 6 meters of green areas lived territory first quarter (excluding the area of greening schools and preschool institutions). 9 is a part of the territory withdrawn by the general plan of development of the village for residential development.

Orientation buildings. Orientation of buildings and premises substantially affects the conditions of insolation levels of natural lighting and the microclimate. There are several types orientatsiiyu.Meridionalnaya - the long axis of the building is located along the meridian or parallel to it. In this orientation, a facade is oriented to the west, the other - to the east. This kind of orientation is recommended for umerennogoklimaticheskogo zone (II zone). Ukraine is mainly attributable to the III belt, just south of the Crimea - to the IV. In warm and hot climates (III-IV) of the facade of the room, facing west, will overheat, and this is not desirable for the dormitories.

Equatorial, or latitude, orientation - the long axis of the building located at the equator, or parallel to it. In this orientation, one fasadbudet focused respectively on the north, the second - to the south. Widely used in the North (north of 60 °) and south (south of 45 °). In this southern facades receive the maximum amount of sunlight and even the northern summer Facades are well lit from the north-east and north-west still not coming sun rays. In southern latitudes, equatorial orientation is determined by other considerations.

As an example, the orientation of those buildings that zapreschenysanitar nym akonodatelstvom terms of possible overheating of the premises or insufficient insolation in a particular climatic zone. Thus, the orientation of the apartments with one-way exit windows on the sector ° is not valid for all zones. For the III and IV of climatic zones is unacceptable orientation flats with windows on the unilateral withdrawal sector °, because they will overheat the room. Focusing on a limited sector ° is suitable for two-bedroom suites and a quart

Orientation residential three-hour insolation areas. the cardinal (scheme). Normalized duration of Sector A ( °) - invalid orieninsolyatsii should be provided netatsiya apartments unilateral withdrawal of windows in less than one in one room, all three climatic regions; Sector B ( °) - invalid Orientation same room apartments and at least dvuhkvartir for III and IV of climatic regions; rooms four-, five-, shestikomnatsektor In ( °) - limited ori GOVERNMENTAL apartments and bedrooms obschezhitiyatatsiya for two- and multi-room apartments; not less than 60% of the rooms.

Orientation residential three-hour insolation areas. the cardinal (scheme). Normalized duration of Sector A ( °) - invalid orieninsolyatsii should be provided netatsiya apartments unilateral withdrawal of windows in less than one in one room, all three climatic regions; Sector B ( °) - invalid Orientation same room apartments and at least dvuhkvartir for III and IV of climatic regions; rooms four-, five-, shestikomnatsektor In ( °) - limited ori GOVERNMENTAL apartments and bedrooms obschezhitiyatatsiya for two- and multi-room apartments; not less than 60% of the rooms.

Types of residential buildings. In practice, housing construction recovered several classifications of dwellings: 1) semi-detached one- storey house; 2) One storey semi- detached house (cottage); 3) apartment low-rise building (1-2 floors); 4) apartment flats (3-5 floors and more); 5) multi-storey building of hotel type; 6) dormitories for workers and students

In addition to this classification, the housing can be divided by purpose as follows: 1 House with apartments: a) section type (low and apartment); b) The gallery type; c) hotel or the corridor, such as. 2 Dorms.3. Hotels. 4. Temporary housing in areas of new buildings (barracks, barracks, etc..).

NEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

The method of "academic debate" Divide the group into small groups (MG). All students offer one job as a situational problem or specific issues related to the topic. List of questions to be answered by each Mg, specify their value in points. What are the two parts of the ceiling? What is the foundation? List of the buildings What types of projects do you know Name the design stage What types of residential buildings List the tasks PSN

View situational problemThe causes of a situational problem Steps to solve the problem View situational problem The causes of a situational problem Steps to solve the problem 2-group Expert sheets for working with groups Fill in the table "Case study 1 group

5 How many classes divided by the value of the SPZ SanPin : TEST

- GT Iskandarov "Regional san. gig. problems of protection of water sources' water supply in stationary conditions of Uzbekistan. T Sanitary rules and norms of planning and building of settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sanitary norms of admissible levels of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies Sanitary rules of design and maintenance of cemeteries Sanitary rules and norms and the optimal allowable building density in residential areas of cities of Uzbekistan Further Reading

extension - Sanitary rules and norms of designing of residential buildings in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan Health rules and regulations setting up and maintaining public toilets Hygiene requirements for institutions, organizations, companies and individuals involved in the disinfection activities Sanitary rules and regulations for the use of mobile phones Lecture materials.

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