ASI-SRV: ASI Pilot Project to support the Monitoring of Volcanic Risk in Italy by means of EO data. M.F. Buongiorno, M.Musacchio, M. Silvetri, S.Zoffoli, C.Cardaci, E.Sansosti, S.Pugnaghi, S.Teggi, S.Vignoli, A.Amodio, G.Puglisi, S.Borgström.

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 PRESENTATION SUMMARY Overview of active volcanoes in Italy ASI-SRV project contest SRV system description Products Scheduling and current status Final remarks

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Italian seismic and volcanic surveillance  Italy presents both high seismicity and volcanic activity on its territory  Volcanic Eruptions have been very frequent (Etna and Stromboli) in the last 8-10 years.  INGV is responsible at national level to develop and maintain the seismic and volcanic geophysics networks to monitor earthquake and volcanic activity and support the Italian Department of Civil Protection.  Volcanic Observatories are located in Napoli and Catania (INGV-OV and INGV-CT)

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Main Volcanic areas in Italy

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Types of volcanic activity produced by Italian volcanoes Lava Flows: (Etna, Stromboli, Vesuvio); Ash Clouds, Strombolian actviity (Etna, Stromboli, Vesuvio, Vulcano); Anomalous gas emissions (Panarea, Colli Albani, Vulcano); lahars, land slides, debris-flows (all volcanoes); tsunami (Stromboli, Etna, Vesuvio); Pyroclastic Flows (Vesuvio, Vulcano, Campi Flegrei); Caldera Collapse (Campi Fregrei, Vesuvio, Etna)

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 INGV Permanent Network distribution INGV Permanent Network distribution

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Discontinuous measurements Webcam network UV-scanner network for SO2 flux Seismic network GPS permanent network Gravimetric network Magnetic network Analysis of the erupted ash Analysis of the erupted products Geologic and structural surveys Lava mapping from field INGV Etna ground Monitoring systems

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008  Levelling network (435 km);  EDM network (20 vertices) ;  tiltmetric network (7 stations);  non permanent GPS network (about 100 vertices);  CGPS network (permanent GPS 16 stations);  tide gauges network (7 stations);  gravimetric network (68 points). non-EO Data: Vesuvius INGV Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei ground networks

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 DEVELOPMENT CONTEST Volcanic Activity In Italy Italian Space Agency EO Application

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 ITALIAN SPACE AGENCY (ASI) APPLICATION PROJECTS ASI starting from the National Space Plan (PSN) decided to develop application products based on EO data to improve Scientific and Technological research on ASI starting from the National Space Plan (PSN) decided to develop application products based on EO data to improve Scientific and Technological research on Natural and Man-made Risks and to support End Users during crisis. The and PSN have focused on the following application areas: Hydro-geologic risks (landslides and floods) Geophysics Risks (earthquakes and volcanoes) Forest Fires Marine pollution Air Quality

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Volcanic Risk applications  Phase A: Feasibility study  2 Studies were selected on a competitive basis (July 2003) – Call for Proposal  Phase B: Pilot Project  1 selected after Phase A

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 ASI-SRV related projects and activities A long preparatory phase contributed to development of the ASI-SRV project 1.INGV research activities in the Remote sensing data analysis (since 1990) 2.ASI Research Projects ( ) 3.DPC research projects ( ) 4.FP6-PREVIEW project ( ) (

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 ASI Volcanic Application Projects development plan: Feasibility study Pilot project preaparation Pre-op. demonstration on test site Operations Pilot projects development 6 m. 3 y. 6 m. March - September 2004 DurationStatus KO: January 2007 December After Pilot project end in 2010

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 THE ASI-SRV Objectives

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Pilot Project Objectives The Objective of the Pilot Project SRV is to define, develop and demonstrate a pre-operational system based on EO data integrated by ground measurements to support the End User (DPC) volcanic risk monitoring and crisis management for Italian VolcanoesThe Objective of the Pilot Project SRV is to define, develop and demonstrate a pre-operational system based on EO data integrated by ground measurements to support the End User (DPC) volcanic risk monitoring and crisis management for Italian Volcanoes. Improve scientific and technology research in volcanology. Analyze and define the gaps between the knowledge requirements and the current available technology.Improve scientific and technology research in volcanology. Analyze and define the gaps between the knowledge requirements and the current available technology. The SRV system should be built with characteristics of compliance respect to the Italian DPC requirements and operabilityThe SRV system should be built with characteristics of compliance respect to the Italian DPC requirements and operability

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Project philosophy is to implement specific modules which allow to process, store and visualize through Web GIS EO/non EO integrated products considering volcanic activity phases defined within DPC operations: – Knowledge and prevention (K&P) – Crisis (C) – Post Crisis (PC)

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 SYSTEM CONCEPT OVERVIEW

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 ASI Responsabile Contratto Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia coordinator of the project and scientific responsible Advanced Computer System Galileian Plus Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia (DIMA, DIMEC) Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente (IREA) DPC End User ASIContractor Involved in the developing of GIS module in order to explore EO traditional products. The GIS tools permits an easy access to the end users to visualize on Web the final products. supports INGV to all management activities: –Configuration control –Quality control –product assurance –Transformation of the scientific algorithms into quality controlled procedure and visualization interface. developing scientific modules to process EO data coordinates the ASI-SRV Pilot Project. The INGV responsabilities are: –Developing and using of SRV system –Scientific components –developing algorithms related to the final products – Integrate ground network data and field measurements

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 General development schedule of SRV The development of ASI-SRV system is based on three incremental versions of the system and a research and development line that permits to follow the scientific and technological improvements during the project life. First Version: Developing of system infrastructure Ingestion module Central repository module Utility functions Early warning and crisis algorithms Second Version: Updating of first version Early warning, sin-crisis and post-crisis algorithms Third Version: Integration of R&D results Use of COSMO-SkyMed data Updating of second version

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Data ingestion Central Repository Processor interface and visualization Processing: S/S volcanoes Surveillance and eruptions Early Warning S/S Support to sin-eruptive phase S/S Support to post eruptive phase Post Elaboration GIS Dissemination

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Logical Architecture Products publication Web browser DATA REPOSITORY End user WMS Server Processing chains Scientific Operators Gis desktop EO Raw data Direct download User Level Sources Level Product Archive and validation Non-EOdata

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 TEST SITES DESCRIPTION

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 It is characterized by an almost persistent volcanic activity, allowing the generation of products related to the sin-eruptive and post-eruptive phase. It is possible to provide products also if no eruptive events have occurred, using EO data acquired during the eruptive events in the last years

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 volume vs time 21st Century The volume of erupted products was very high during the 17th century, followed by a period of low activity lasted about 100 years. Etna increased his effusive rate progressively between 18th and 19th centuries, culminating since 1950 in an significant increase of the volume of erupted products. Mt. Etna – Volcanic activity (INGV-CT) 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 1.3 m 3 /sec 0.2 m 3 /sec 0.3 m 3 /sec

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei are representative to quiescent phase products analysis, especially regarding the surface deformation map

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Vesuvio - Volcanic activity (INGV-OV) Eruption of 1906 It comprises the older volcano, the Somma, whose summit collapsed, creating a caldera, and the younger volcano, Vesuvius, which rises out inside of this caldera

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Campi Flegrei – Volcanic activity (INGV-CT)

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 The Campi Flegrei is a large 13-km-wide nested caldera located near Pozzuoli. It contains many volcanic centers that have been active during the past 30-40,000 years. Today, there is no sign of imminent activity, although there are abundant signs of the presence of a still active magma chamber in the forms of solfataras, warm springs, gas emissions etc. Frequent episodes of major ground deformation in the form of large-scale up- and downlift of the ground (bradisism); whitin a few months it had risen by a total of 3.5 metres.

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Frequent monitoring with ground networks used to validate and integrate EO products. Vesuvio Campi Flegrei Etna Sites selection compatible with the spatial resolution of EO operative systems

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 PRODUCTS PROVIDED

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 The algorithms selected to for the EO processing modules have been analyzed during the Feasibility study on the basis of the following characteristics:  Robust with a well proved scientific back ground  High Adaptability to new space sensor  Portability into an integrates system  The algorithms were developed by the scientific consortium (INGV, IREA, UNIV Modena and R. Emilia), this ensure the possibility to upgrade the procedures and adapt them to SRV system  Products partially tested in other Projects or INGV surveillance procedures  Suitability of the generated products for the selected test sites

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 EtnaAsh and lava distribution map product EtnaVolcanic thickness product Etna and Vesuvio – Campi Flegrei Deformation Map from DinSAR product (time series) Post Crisis Phase EtnaVolcanic Plumes and Clouds analysis product EtnaThermal Flux, Effusion Rate Etna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiDeformation Map from DinSAR produsc (time series) Etna and Vesuvio – Campi Flegrei Deformation Map from InSAR product (sin eruptive) Crisis Phase EtnaDegassing Plumes analysis product Etna, Campi Flegrei, VesuvioSurface temperature and Thermal flux from Etna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiDeformation Map from DinSAR product (time series) Etna and Vesuvio – Campi Flegrei Multiparametric Analysis product Knowledge and Prevention GEOGRAPHICAL AREAEO PRODUCTSPHASE

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 EO Data used to S/S Surveillance ed Early Warning of eruptions FTP16 gg -3 ggASTERSO 2 Flux Digital supportON DEMANDHYPERION SENSORI AEREI CO 2 Content FTP16 gg – 3 ggASTERSO 2 Content FTP Digital support /FTP 1 gg 16 gg MODIS HYPERION H 2 O Content FTP FTP Digital support /FTP 16 gg-3 gg 1 gg 16 gg ASTER MODIS HYPERION Aeorosol Optical Thickness FTP16 gg – 3ggASTERThermal Flux FTP Direct Broadcast/FTP FTP/Direct Broadcast ASI- Matera 16gg -3gg 4 h 1 gg ASTER AVHRR MODIS Surface Temperature NA46ggALOSDeformation map in L band NA16gg - 4ggCOSMO-SkyMedDeformation map in X band Digital support/FTP35 ggERS-ENVISATDeformation map in C band ProtocolRevisit TimeSensor - SatelliteProducts ProtocolRevisit TimeSensor - SatelliteProducts FTP1 g 16gg – 3gg MODIS ASTER SO 2 Flux Digital SupportON DEMANDHYPERION SENSORI AEREI CO 2 Content FTP1 gg 16 gg – 3 gg MODIS ASTER SO 2 Content FTP Digital Support /FTP 1 g 16 gg MODIS HYPERION H 2 O Content FTP 16 gg-3 gg 1 gg ASTER MODIS Aeorosol Optical Thickness Digital Support /FTP35 ggENVISATInSAR deformation map FTP Direct Broadcast/FTP 1 g 4 h MODIS AVHRR Ash loading FTP1 gMODIS AVHRR Effusion rate FTP Direct Broadcast/FTP FTP 16gg -3gg 4 h 1 gg ASTER AVHRR MODIS Lava thermal flux FTP Direct Broadcast/FTP FTP 16gg -3gg 4 h 1 gg ASTER AVHRR MODIS Lava temperature ProtocolRevisit TimeSensor - SatelliteProducts Digital support /FTP FTP FTP Digital support 16 gg 16gg – 3gg 1,5gg – 3 gg 1,5 gg HYPERION ASTER QUICKBIRD IKONOS Lava Distribution map Digital support /FTP FTP FTP Digital support 16 gg 16gg – 3gg 1,5gg – 3 gg 1,5 gg HYPERION ASTER QUICKBIRD IKONOS Ash distribution map Digital support /FTPON DEMAND 35 gg HYPERION QUICKBIRD ASTER Volcanic material thickness NA46ggALOSDeformation map in L band NA16gg - 4ggCOSMO-SkyMedDeformation map in X band Digital support/FTP35 ggERS-ENVISATDeformation map in C band EO Data used to S/S Support to sin-eruptive phase EO Data used to S/S Support to post eruptive phase

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 The following algorithms have been selected to implement the EO Processing: –Radiometric calibration module –DEM co-registration Model –Atmospheric Correction Tool CIRILLO –SBAS DINSAR –Emissivity surface temperature (TES-Q) –Thermal Analysis –AOT –Volcanic Water Vapour –SO2 content –Ash loading map –SAR deformation map (sin eruptive) –Lava and Ash distribution map –GIS tool and statistical analisys GENERAL PURPOUSE SPECIFIC ALGORITHMS GIS ANALYSIS TOOL

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 Ground and Atmospheric measurements 1.INGV Observatories (INGV-OV and INGV-CT Sections) 2.Universitiy of Modena and Reggio Emilia

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 DATA TYPESCEHDULINGETNAVESUVIOCAMPI FLEGREI GPSWeekly (satellite passages) XXX LevelingOn availability base XX SO2 (doas/cospec) continuoslyX Video CamerasEvery 15 minutes X Geological observations PeridicalyXXX TemperatureBased on Satellite passages X Geochemical (CO2) dailyX Atmospheric profiles Daily (3 times)XXX

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 SRV SCHEDULE AND STATUS

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 General ASI-SRV GANTT

USEReST’ 08 Naples November MONTHS PDR SRR January 2008 April 2007 July, 2007 CDR November 2008 STARTING DATE January QR-V1 AR-V1 June 2009 V1 V2 – V3 SYSTEM VALIDATION TESTS CURRENT PROJECT STATUS

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 FINAL REMARKS SRV PROJECT IS DEVELOPING A PRE-OPERATIONAL SYSTEM TO INTEGRATE THE MONITORING GROUND NETWORK OF ETNA, VESUVIO AND CAMPI FLEGREI VOLCANOES WITH SYSTEMATIC SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS (EO) SRV SYSTEM INCLUDES BOTH SAR and OPTICAL PROCESSING MODULES IN ORDER TO GET A COMBINATION OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS AND DISSEMINATION INTERFACES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOLLOWNG THE GMES EMERGENCY FAST TRACK USER REQUIREMENTS SRV IS A MODULAR SYSTEM THEREFORE IT CAN BE EXPANDED BY ADDING NEW EO PROCESSING CHAINS, MODELS, GROUND DATA

USEReST’ 08 Naples November 2008 THANK YOU A SPECIAL THANKS TO THE EFFORTS MADE BY THE TEAMS PARTICIPATING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SRV PROJECT: INGV REMOTE SENSING UNIT INGV VOLCANIC OBSERVATORIES CNR-IREA UNIVERSITY OF MODENA (DIMA & DIMEC) ACS GPLUS ITALIAN DEPARTEMENT OF CIVIL DEFENCE (DPC) ASI PROJECT TEAM