Metals The Periodic Table Nonmetals Metalloids Period Group Properties vary Total of 7 periods The Periodic Table Group Have similar properties Total of 18 groups Nonmetals Metals Group or family Metalloids Period On this slide, be sure to point out the various groups and have them write them on their periodic table. They will have to memorize these for the test!

Groups The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families. Groups are numbered 1-18 on the periodic table Elements belonging to the same group have similar properties

Periods The horizontal row of elements on the periodic table are called periods or series. Periods are numbered 1-7. The closer two elements are to one another in a period, the more similar their properties.

Pause for a Cause Learning Activity #1 Identify the element located in: Group 2 Period 4 Group 17 Period 6 Group 13 Period 2 Group 10 Period 4 Group 1 Period 1

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids can be located on the periodic table by knowing where to find the metalloid line!

Properties of Metals Conductive- metals are good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable- metals can be hammered into thin sheets Ductile- can be drawn into thin wire Tenacious- metals have high tensile strength and resist being pulled apart Lustery- metals are recognized by their shine

Examples of Metals Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor. Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature

Properties of Nonmetals Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature

Examples of Nonmetals Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone” Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure

Properties of Metalloids Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. They have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster

Silicon, Si – A Metalloid Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity Other metalloids include: Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te

Pause for a Cause Learning Activity #2 Tell whether each of the following elements is a metal, nonmetal, metalloid: Silicon Chlorine Sodium Iron Antimony Radon Cesium Sulfur

The Properties of a Group: the Alkali Metals Have a silvery appearance and are soft enough to cut with a knife. Not found in nature as free elements. React violently with water React with halogens to form salts

The Properties of a Group: the Alkaline-Earth Metals  Harder, denser, and stronger than alkali metals. Higher melting points than alkali metals. Not found in nature as free elements.

The Properties of a Group: the Transition Elements  Good conductors of electricity and have a higher luster. Less reactive than the alkali metals and the alkaline-earth metals Some exist as free elements

The Properties of a Group: the Halogens  Most reactive nonmetals. React with most metals to form salts.

Noble Gases – Group 18 Elements Unreactive Gases at room temperature Neon, argon, krypton and xenon are used in lighting Helium is used in balloons

Learning Activity #3 The following questions refer to the following elements Sodium Fluorine Boron Argon Does not interact readily with other elements Reacts explosively with water Is classified as a halogen