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Developing Paragraphs by Comparison and Contrast  What is Comparison and Contrast.  Strategies( 策略 ) for Using Comparison and Contrast  How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast Essay.

What is Comparison and Contrast. Comparison and contrast is a method used by writers to bring together two subjects in order to analyze their similarities and differences or highlight( 强调） the essential characteristics of one or more subjects. Furthermore, the process of comparing and contrasting two things allows us to gain a new perspective （观点） on the objects of our examination by seeing one of them in terms of the other or each in terms of the other. As a result, we can understand our subjects better than we would have if we simply examine them individually in isolation （隔绝）. Strictly speaking, a comparison points out the similarities between two or more persons or things of the same class. While a contrast, points out the differences between them.

Strategies( 策略 ) for Using Comparison and Contrast.  Determine Your Audience. Determine Your Audience  Find a Suitable Topic.  Use Charts to do the Prewriting.  Establish a Basis of Comparison.  Select Points for Discussion.

As you plan a comparison and contrast essay,think ahead about what your readers already know and what they are going to expect.First,ask yourself what they know about the items or idea you going to comparison. If your readers know a lot about the items, you can spend little time pointing out similarities on your reasons for making the comparison.when readers know little about either, you will have to define each.If your readers know only one item, then use the known to explain the un known.

How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast Essay ?  How to introduce a comparison and contrast essay  How to develop the body of a comparison and contrast essay  How to end a comparison and contrast essay

How to introduce a comparison and contrast essay  Explain your purpose in making the comparison and contrast.  Provide the background information which promotes you to do the writing.  Include a thesis( 论题 ) in the introduction.

Sample When you deciding on a thesis for a Comparison and Contrast essay,do not just say something like “X and Y have important similarities and differences. ”or“X is very similar to /different from Y.” Instead,you should look carefully at those similarities and differences and ask yourself these question :“What do you learn from having discovered similarities and differences ?”“How does it affect your preference or point of view?” The answer to these questions can lead to a thesis statement like “A comparison of the rural( 乡村） life with the urban life will reveal （展 现） the reason why I prefer to live in the countryside than to live in the city”.That is a thesis that a reader might find interesting-or at least worth reading about.

Haw to develop the body of a comparison and contrast essay.  The subject-by-subject pattern.  The point-by-point pattern.  The likeness-difference pattern.

(1)The subject-by-subject pattern. The subject-by-subject pattern is to discuss the important features of one subject firth and then turn to the second subject and explain how its important features compare or contrast with those of the first subject.The pattern can be shown briefly as Subject A: Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Subject B: Point 1 Point 2 Point 3

Sample You compare two magazines, Women’s Weekly and Women, in three general points: front cover, print quality and content. The subject-by-subject pattern goes like this: Subject A: Women’s Weekly:  (1) Front cover: attractive, with photos of celebrities （名人）, small pictures along with highlights( 最重要的部分 ) of the contents  (2) Print quality and paper: art paper, vivid pictures and dazzling( 眼花缭乱 ) colors  (3) Content: topics catering( 迎合 ) for various kinds of needs Subject B:Women:  (1) Front cover: less attractive, with pictures of starlets( 演配角而出名的女演员 ) or minor （二流） fashion models  (2) Print quality and paper: poor paper, rough pictures and dull colors  (3) Content: topics sometimes either too radical( 根本的 ) or irrelevant( 不重要的 ) to women

(2)The point-by-point pattern. This pattern explains the similarities and differences in each point of both subjects in turn. It is essential if your material is complicated or if your essay is a long one. It is also a standard pattern for academic comparison and contrast essays. Most of your writing assignments will require you to follow this pattern. The pattern can be shown briefly as ： Point 1: Subject A Subject B Point 2: Subject A Subject B Point 3: Subject A Subject B

Sample if this pattern is adopted, the previous contrast of the two magazines may go like this: Point 1: Front cover A. Women’s Weekly: attractive, with photos of celebrities, small pictures along with highlights( 最重要的部分 ) of the contents B. Women: less attractive, with pictures of starlets( 演配角而出名的女演员 ) or minor fashion models Point 2: Print quality and paper A.Women’s Weekly: art paper, vivid pictures and dazzling( 使人眩目的，特别吸 引人的 ) colors B. Women: poor paper, rough pictures and dull colors Point 3:Content A Women’s Weekly: topics catering( 满足 ) for various kinds of needs B. Women: topics sometimes either too radical( 根本的 ) or irrelevant( 不重要的 ) to women

（ 3 ） The likeness-difference pattern. You put all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This pattern is suited to subjects whose likeness and differences are more or less balanced. For example, in an essay comparing tow jobs, one paragraph will explain the similarities, and another or two others will show the differences. Look at the following: 1. Introduction Similarities A. Salary B. Fringe benefits( 福利 ) 3. Differences A. Atmosphere( 气氛） B. Opportunities for advancement 4. Conclusion

How to end a comparison and contrast essay You may,for instance,propose ( 计划） an action, stimulate （鼓励） the reader, make a generalization, or briefly tie your subjects and your purpose together without repeating what you have already said in the body or in the introduction. All of these strategies, among others, conclude instead of summarize

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