Let’s review questions on pgs. 6-8 in the workbook

Chapter 1 & 2 Highpoints u What’s Instruction? u What’s Alignment? u Is Philosophical Perspective Important? Why/Why Not?

Start Thinking About Your Project u Topic u Send potential topics to the list so that we can discuss them…..

Needs Assessment Definition u systematic study of a problem or innovation, incorporating data and opinions from varied sources, in order to make effective decisions or recommendations (Rossett, 1987)

Needs Assessment… prompted by u performance problems u new systems or technologies u habitual training

Purposes & Techniques difference between what is & what should be or the GAP: u define optimal performance/knowledge u define actual performance/knowledge u discover attitudes of subjects and other stakeholders u discover problem causes u determine solutions

Causes of Problems u absence of knowledge/skills u absence of environmental support, outside subject’s control u absence of intrinsic motivation u absence of extrinsic motivation or improper incentives

Ask Your Learners n What problems have you had recently on the job? n Express your priorities from the following topics and skills (would include listing) n Demonstrate your skill in the following area n Uncover feelings (e.g., How interested would you be in...) n what do you think is the best solution to the problem

Questions to Ask? u what is the discrepancy u is it important u is it due to a lack of skill u were the skills performed in the past u is it used frequently u is there a simpler way to do the job u do employees have the ability to do the job Mager u is the desired performance being punished by mistake u is not doing the job rewarding u does doing the job right matter u are there obstacles to performing the job u what are solution constraints

Results of Needs Assessment u instructional design and development u training u changing the way processes are conducted u restructuring organizations u problems are not ALWAYS instructional problems!

Data from... u extant data (data that already exists) u subject matter analysis u interviews u observation u focus groups u questionnaires/surveys

Activity -- Needs Assessment u What’s the Problem??? Pg in Workbook u What questions will you ask u Who are you going to get information from? u What kind of data might you gather? u What kind of materials might be designed and developed?

Analyzing the Learning Task u Write an instructional goal u Determine the types of learning of the goal u Conduct an Information-Processing Analysis of the goal u Conduct a Prerequisite Analysis and determine type of learning u Write performance objectives

What Are Instructional Goals? u statements of what learners should be able to do at the conclusion of the instruction u written to solve performance problems u written in performance terms u focus on the outcome u goals should fill the “gaps” determined in the needs assessment

Performance Terms u understand, appreciate, know u demonstrate, select, identify

Filling the Gap u What Is --- What Should Be 81 percent of students are currently passing the functional literacy test. 95 percent of students will pass the functional literacy test. GOAL: INCREASE PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS PASSING THE FUNCTIONAL LITERACY TEST BY 14 PERCENT -- TO A LEVEL OF 95 PERCENT PASSING.

Good Instructional Goals.... u contain clear, concise statements of learner outcomes u are related to an identified problem and needs assessment u can be achieved through instruction rather than through some other means

Making Fuzzy Goals Clear u Write the Goal u Brainstorm behaviors the learners will demonstrate u Select behaviors that best represent the goal u Select indicators of the behavior u Use indicators in a descriptive statement u Evaluate statement for clarity & relationship to goal

What About This Goal? u Learners will have an appreciation for different cultures, races, and genders.

Activity u Exercise A (pg. 65) u Create an instructional goal for your scenario in the Workbook (p. 18) u Complete Checkpoint (p. 19)

Making sure the Goal is “Good” u What is the level of expertise of those charged with developing the instruction? u How stable is the content over time? u Is there enough time to develop instruction and teach the skills? u Does the goal describe more than one separate kind of behavior? u Are there students available for try-out purposes?

Your Project u Using what we’ve learned tonight, start a Needs Assessment for your project u Create an instructional goal for your project

Next Time u Goal Statements Due u Defining the Target Audience u Learning Outcomes u Information Processing Analysis u Read Chpts 4,5 in text u Review Chpts 4,5 in workbook