1 Amblyopia and Strabismus For Medical Students & GP Samir Jamal MD, FRCSC KAUH

2 Amblyopia Unilateral or bilateral decrease in vision not corrected by glasses in otherwise healthy eyes. (The patient sees nothing and the doctor sees nothing)

3 Amblyopia Potentially reversible unilateral or bilateral inhibition of normal visual development secondary to abnormal visual experience occurring during the critical period of visual development.

4 Amblyopia Basic Information: Newborns have poor vision at birth Visual acuity reaches normal adult level by age of three years Vision remains plastic until the age of 12 years

5 Significance of Amblyopia Prevalence: 2-3% of the general population suffer from amblyopia. It is a treatable form of vision loss if diagnosed and treated in the first decade of life.

6 Significance of Amblyopia Poor vision in one eye  loss of stereoacuity  loss of job opportunities. Amblyopia patients have higher chance of blindness than the general population.

7 Classification of Amblyopia (Types/Causes) 1. Strabismic 2. Sensory deprivation  Ptosis  Cataracts

8 Classification of Amblyopia (Types) 3. Ametropic High hyperopic High myopia Astigmatism 4. Anisometropic unequal refractive errors

9 Treatment of Amblyopia 1. Early diagnosis 2. Removal of the pathological obstacle 3. Treatment of refractive errors 4. Patching 5. Drops