RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LUNGS & AIR PASSAGES

Function: n TAKE IN OXYGEN – GAS NEEDED BY ALL BODY CELLS n REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE – GAS THAT IS A WASTE PRODUCT PRODCUED BY THE CELLS

HOW MUCH O2 DO WE HAVE? n FOUR TO SIX MINUTES SUPPLY

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM n MUST WORK CONTINOUSLY OR DEATH WILL OCCUR

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM n NOSE n PHARYNX n LARYNX n TRACHEA n BRONCHI n ALVEOLI n LUNGS

NOSE n TWO NOSTRILS (NARES) – OPENINGS WHICH AIR ENTERS

NASAL CAVITY n TWO HOLLOW SPACES n LINED WITH A MUCOUS MEMBRANE n RICH BLOOD SUPPLY n WARMS AIR n FILTERS AIR n MOISTENS AIR

CILIA n TINY HAIRLIKE STRUCTURES IN NASAL CAVITY n TRAPS DIRT n TRAPS PATHOGENS n TRAPPED PARTICLES PUSHED TOWARD ESOPHAGUS – SWALLOWED

PHARYNX n THROAT n LOCATED BEHIND THE NASAL CAVITIES n AIR LEAVES NOSE & ENTERS PHARYNX

THREE SECTIONS OF THE PHARYNX n NASOPHARYNX n OROPHARYNX n LARYNGOPHARYNX

LARYNGOPHARYNX n BOTTOM SECTION OF PHARYNX n BRANCHES INTO – TRACHEA n CARRIES AIR TO AND FROM THE LUNGS – ESOPHAGUS n CARRIES FOOD TO STOMACH

LARYNX n EPIGLOTTIS – PIECE OF CARTILAGE – LEAF LIKE STRUCTURE – CLOSES THE OPENING INTO LARYNX DURING SWALLOWING – PREVENTS FOOD & LIQUIDS FROM ENTERING RESPIRATORY TRACT

EPIGLOTTIS

LARYNX n VOICE BOX – BETWEEN THE PHARYNX & TRACHEA n CARTILAGE CALLED – ADAM’S APPLE

LARYNX n VOCAL CORDS – TWO FOLDS n OPENING BETWEEN VOCAL CORDS – GLOTTIS n AIR ENTERS LUNGS – VOCAL CORDS VIBRATE n PRODUCE SOUND OR SPEECH

TRACHEA OR WINDPIPE n TUBE EXTENDING FROM LARYNX TO CENTER OF CHEST n CARRIES AIR BETWEEN PHARYNX & BRONCHI n SERIES OF C-SHAPED CARTILAGE – OPEN ON THE DORSAL SURFACE – HELPS KEEP TRACHEA OPEN

TRACHEA OR WINDPIPE

BRONCHI n TWO DIVISIONS OF TRACHEA – NEAR CENTER OF CHEST n BRONCHUS – ENTERS LUNG – CARRIES AIR – TRACHEA TO LUNGS n LUNGS – BRONCHI DIVIDE INTO SMALLER BRONCHI

BRONCHI

SMALLEST BRANCHES n BRONCHIOLES – END IN AIR SACS CALLED ALVEOLI

ALVEOLI n AIR SACS – RESEMBLE BUNCH OF GRAPES – ONE LAYER OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM TISSUE – RICH NETWORK OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES – CAPILLARIES n ALLOW OXYGEN & CARBON DIOXIDE TO EXCHANGE BETWEEN LUNGS & BLOOD

ALVEOLI

m

LUNGS n RIGHT LUNG – 3 SECTIONS OR LOBES n SUPERIOR, MIDDLE & INFERIOR n LEFT LUNG – TWO LOBES n SUPERIOR & INFERIOR – SMALLER n HEART LIES MORE TO THE LEFT SIDE OF CHEST

LUNGS

DIAPHRAGM

INTERCOSTALS

PLEURA n MEMBRANE OR SAC ENCLOSING EACH LUNG n THORACIC CAVITY – BOTH LUNGS – HEART – MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS

PNEUMOTHORAX-AKA: Blown lung or collapsed lung

How do you fix it? n Chest tubes!

THE END