Chapter 9 Section 4 The Turning Point

Vicksburg Falls Union had control of much of Mississippi River after Battle of New Orleans & Battle of Shiloh Major confederate stronghold on Mississippi River Taking Vicksburg would cut Confederacy in two

Grierson’s Raid Vicksburg is located on east bank of Mississippi River Grant needed to get to Vicksburg- decided to move his troops across the Mississippi River to the west bank and march south To distract the Confederates- Col. Benjamin Grierson took 1,700 of the Illinois Calvary on a raid through Mississippi.

Grierson’s Raid Went 600 miles in 2 weeks Allowed Grant to move his troops south of the city

The Siege of Vicksburg Grant returned to east bank of river and marched east into Mississippi Grant’s troops foraged as they marched Grant’s troops marched 180 miles in 17 days Fought 5 battles Inflicted 7,200 casualties Confederates driven back to their defenses at Vicksburg

The Siege of Vicksburg Grant attacked Vicksburg twice Defenders stopped both attacks & inflicted high causalities Grant put the city under siege Lasted for 6 weeks Confederate troops & city’s residents are near-starvation July 4, 1863 Confederates surrendered Vicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg Lincoln fires McClellan after Antietam Replaced by Ambrose Burnside Lincoln wanted a general not intimated by Lee’s reputation

Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville Dec. 13, 1862- Burnside ordered a series of attacks against Lee’s forces in the hills south of Fredericksburg, VA Union troops- 12,000 casualties Twice as much as Confederates

Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville Lincoln replaced Burnside with Joseph Hooker Hooker plans to attack Lee; Lee realizes plan and attacks Hooker in the dense woods known as the wilderness Outnumbered 2 to 1, Lee’s forces repeatedly defeated the Union troops Hooker retreated

The Battle of Gettysburg Lee decides to invade North again Marches into PA Lincoln replaces Hooker with George Meade Meade heads north to intercept Lee Lee’s forces encountered the Union Cavalry as they headed toward the town of Gettysburg Main forces of both armies hurried to scene of fighting

The Battle of Gettysburg July 2, 1863- Lee attacked- Union held their ground Lee ordered 15,000 men under the command of general George E. Pickett and A.P. Hill to undertake a massive assault- Pickett’s Charge 7,000 casualties in less than half an hour of fighting

The Battle of Gettysburg Fewer than 5,000 Confederate troops made it up the hill Union troops overwhelmed them Lee began retreat to VA Trapped between swollen Potomac River and Union troops Meade’s army was also depleted and did not attack the defenses put by the retreating Confederates

The Battle of Gettysburg Confederate forces lost approximately 28,000 killed or wounded 1/3 of Lee’s entire forces 23,000 Union casualties Gettysburg proved to be the turning point of the war Ensured British would not recognize the Confederacy & for rest of war Confederates fought a defensive war, slowly giving up ground

Chickamauga Rosecrans-Union General Bragg- Confederate General Rosecrans forced Confederates out of Chattanooga without a fight Bragg- did not retreat far Rosecrans advanced into GA, Bragg attacked at the Chickamauga Creek Rosecrans orders troops to Chattanooga

The Battle of Chattanooga Chattanooga was a vital railroad junction Lincoln sends part of Meade’s forces to Chattanooga on a train 11 days later 20,000 men with artillery, horses, and equipment arrive Lincoln places Grant in overall command Grant orders troops to attack Confederate positions on Lookout Mountain

The Battle of Chattanooga Confederate retreated to Missionary Ridge Awaited a Union attack Grant did not intend to storm Missionary Ridge Ordered William T. Sherman to attack Confederate positions on the north end of the ridge

The Battle of Chattanooga Sherman failed to break through Grant ordered 23,000 men to launch a limited attack on Missionary Ridge as a diversion Forces overran the hill Chattanooga was in Union control Cleared way for an invasion of GA