The Civil War ( ) EU: The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery and transform the nation. (Change over time – the goal of the war) The Civil War ( ) EU: The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery and transform the nation. (Change over time – the goal of the war)

The Great Emancipator? Assess the following claim: Lincoln has often been called “The Great Emancipator.” This is a misnomer. Many other actors were much more crucial to the emancipation of the slaves than Abraham Lincoln, who was reluctant and slow in coming to the decision and cautious and ineffectual in its execution. Further, the Emancipation Proclamation was not the revolutionary document that some historians claim.

Events Prior to the War November 6, 1860 – Lincoln elected President December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes from Union February 8, 1861 Confederates States of America formed, Jefferson Davis – President March 4, 1861 – Lincoln inauguration April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter attacked – Civil War begins!

Fort Sumter – Charleston, South Carolina 3000 shell hits in 36 hour battle.

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “ Anaconda ” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “ Anaconda ” Plan

The “Anaconda” Plan Winfield Scott believed an effective "Blockade" of Southern ports, a strong thrust down the Mississippi Valley with a large force, and the establishment of a line of strong Federal positions there would isolate the disorganized Confederate nation "and bring it to terms."

Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan, Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

McClellan: I Can Do It All! South’s victory increased overconfidence (desertions increased, enlistments decreased) North’s defeat caused them to prepare for a long war General George McClellan given command of Army of the Potomac (main army in Washington D.C.) Great organizer & drillmaster, but too cautious (refused to move the army; always believed he was outnumbered) Lincoln ordered him to advance – Spring 1862 Peninsula Campaign 100,000 Union troops under McClellan advance to peninsula b/w James and York Rivers Lincoln pulled him away from Richmond to stop Stonewall Jackson’s advances toward D.C

The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

The “new kid in town” – U.S. Grant February 1862 – Grant seizes Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in TN. April 6-7, 1862 “Total War” introduced by Grant: Battle at Shiloh Grant demands unconditional surrender Significance: Secured KY for Union Opened Tennessee line Opened route to GA

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

War in the East:

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” General Robert E Lee is stopped by McClellan, by days ends 26,000 are dead, wounded or missing. Lee Withdraws to VA. Lincoln restored McClellan to command of Northern Army Northern soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plans wrapped around 3 cigars dropped by a Confederate officer. *Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation is written.

Emancipation in 1863

The Emancipation Proclamation Jan 1, 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation Jan 1, 1863

The Southern View of Emancipation

African-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54 th Massachusetts

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act -This gave each state 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator and Representative. These numbers were based on the census of The land was then to be sold and the money from the sale of the land was to be put in an endowment fund which would provide support for the colleges in each of the states – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act -This gave each state 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator and Representative. These numbers were based on the census of The land was then to be sold and the money from the sale of the land was to be put in an endowment fund which would provide support for the colleges in each of the states – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Vicksburg July 4, 1863 – Vicksburg Grant laid siege to city for several months (starving the city out) Vicksburg surrendered to Grant the day after Lee’s loss at Gettysburg Importance of July 4, 1863: Lee retreats out of N after loss at Gettysburg S surrenders at Vicksburg, giving the Union access to the MS River Ex-slaves truly celebrate Independence Day for the first time

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863 Lee marched into Pennsylvania – hoping strong victory in N would give strength to peace Dems in N & get BR or FR to help S July 1-3, 1863: GETTYSBURG Meade (92,000 men) took the good land Lee (76,000 men) attacked 3 day battle General George Pickett’s charge against Union lines driven back, breaking Confederate advance, forcing Lee to retreat As far North as South ever got Confederate peace delegation was rejected by Lincoln Last chance for Southern victory; final two years were fighting a lost cause TURNING POINT of the Civil War November 19, 1863 – Gettysburg Address delivered by Lincoln

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

The Progress of War:

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster

Presidential Election Results: 1864

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

WANTED~~!!WANTED~~!!

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

The Execution