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Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Opposing Sides Section 2:Section 2:The Early Stages Section 3:Section 3:Life During the War Section 4:Section 4:The Turning Point Section 5:Section 5:The War Ends Visual Summary

Section 3 Military Life Soldiers suffered physical hardship and women provided medical assistance.

Section 3 Union and Confederate soldiers suffered many hardships during the long days and weeks between battles. −For the Union soldier, meals often consisted of hardtack, potatoes, and beans, flavored at times with dried salt pork.hardtack Military Life (cont.) The Civil War produced huge numbers of casualties, and doctors struggled to tend to the wounded.

Section 3 Women helped the war effort at home by managing family farms and businesses. On the battlefield, women made dramatic contributions to the Civil War by serving as nurses. Military Life (cont.) −In 1861, Elizabeth Blackwell, the first female physician in the United States, started the nation’s first training program for nurses.  Her work led to the creation of the United States Sanitary Commission.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 One of the greatest threats facing Civil War soldiers was which of the following? A.Disease B.Gunshot wounds C.Starvation D.Exhaustion

Section 3-End

Section 4-Main Idea Big Ideas Geography and History The Union victory at Vicksburg cut the Confederacy in two.

Section 4-Key Terms Content Vocabulary forage siege Academic Vocabulary encounter promote

Section 4-Key Terms People and Events to Identify Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Gettysburg Pickett’s Charge William Tecumseh Sherman

A.A B.B Section 4-Polling Question Do you feel that choosing a good leader is difficult? A.Yes B.No

Section 4 Vicksburg Falls General Grant captured Vicksburg, thus gaining control of the Mississippi River and dividing the South.

Section 4 Despite previous successes, one major Confederate stronghold remained on the river—Vicksburg, Mississippi. To distract Confederates while he carried out this difficult task of approaching Vicksburg, Grant ordered Colonel Benjamin Grierson to take his troops on a raid through Mississippi. Vicksburg Falls (cont.) The Siege of Vicksburg

Section 4 Grant embarked on a daring march east, ordering his troops to forage as they marched.forage Grant decided that the only way to take Vicksburg was to put it under siege.siege After six weeks, the Confederate commander surrendered. Vicksburg Falls (cont.) The Siege of Vicksburg

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 4 Why was capturing Vicksburg an important victory for the Union? A.The Union could control most of the South now. B.The Confederacy was geographically cut in two. C.The Union needed the port for shipping purposes. D.The Confederacy could not import food.

Figure 5

Vocab11 hardtack a hard biscuit made of wheat flour

Vocab15 forage to search or raid for food

Vocab16 siege a military blockade of a city or fortified place to force it to surrender