O VERVIEW OF THE N EW H IGHWAY S AFETY M ANUAL Ray Krammes, FHWA Missouri Traffic & Safety Conference May 12, 2009 Columbia, Missouri

Presentation Summary What is the HSM? Why is the HSM needed? How can the HSM be used? When will the 1 st Edition be available? Where can one find more information about the HSM?

Presentation Summary What is the HSM? Why is the HSM needed? What is covered by the HSM? Who should use the HSM? When will the HSM be available? What support will be available to implement the HSM? Where can one find more about the HSM?

WHAT IS THE HSM? Overview of the new HSM

WHAT IS THE HSM? Provide Best factual information Tools To facilitate explicit safety considerations for: PlanningDesignOperationsMaintenance through Synthesis of validated highway research Adapted & integrated to practice Analytical tools for predicting impact on road safety

T HE V ISION OF THE HSM - A D OCUMENT A KIN T O THE HCM Definitive; represents quantitative ‘state-of- the-art’ information Widely accepted within professional practice of transportation engineering Science-based; updated regularly to reflect research1 2 3

W HAT THE HSM IS NOT The HSM does not set requirements or mandates The HSM is not a best practice document for design or operations. The HSM contains no warrants or standards and does not supersede other publications that do. vs

The HSM does not establish a legal standard of care nor does it create a duty to the public.

WHY IS THE HSM NEEDED? Overview of the new HSM

I S T HIS R OAD “S AFE ” OR “U NSAFE ”? What does safety really mean?

Nominal Safety Substantive Safety Examined in reference to compliance with standards, warrants, guidelines and sanctioned design procedures The expected or actual crash frequency and severity for a highway or roadway H IGHWAY S AFETY H AS T WO D IMENSIONS *Ezra Hauer, ITE Traffic Safety Toolbox Introduction, 1999

NOMINAL “vs” SUBSTANTIVE SAFETY

S UBSTANTIVE S AFETY M AY V ARY W HEN N OMINAL S AFETY D OES N OT Existing Conditions Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3

Substantive Safety Best measured in terms of expected (long- term) average crash frequency Ways to estimate: – Crash data – Predictive methods Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) Accident Modification Factors/Functions (AMFs) – Combination (Empirical Bayes)

W E ’ RE I NTERESTED IN O THER I MPACTS FOR P ROJECT L EVEL D ECISIONS – W HAT A BOUT S UBSTANTIVE S AFETY ? Safety Environmental Traffic Right-of-Way Costs Impacts Impacts Operations Traffic Noise Model 1.0 CAL3QHC Mobile 5a 3-D Visualization CITYGREEN HCM CORSIM PASSER TRANSYT7F VISSIM GEOPAK Plans Cost Models Real estate appraisals DOT databases Design Criteria (nominal safety) More quantitative Greater weight The HSM

T HE HSM C ONTAINS B EST S CIENCE & R ESEARCH Synthesis of previous research New research commissioned by AASHTO and FHWA

III. HOW WAS THE HSM DEVELOPED? Overview of the new HSM

T HE HSM – A T EN - YEAR R ESEARCH A ND D EVELOPMENT E FFORT TRB Annual meeting Absence & need to estimate safety impacts TRB December Workshop TRB Joint Subcommittee for the Development of a HSM Members of sponsoring committees AASHTO, FHWA, ITE TRB Task Force for the Develop- ment of a HSM AASHTO HSM TF 1 st Edition (projected) 2 nd Edition Future Research, research and more research

S IGNIFICANT E FFORT & P ROFESSIONAL S UPPORT P RODUCED THE HSM Joint Subcommittee sponsored by 7 TRB committees Thousands of hours of volunteer effort Research program funded by NCHRP, AASHTO & FHWA

NCHRP Project 17-18(04) Development of a HSM - Draft Table of Contents for the HSM. NCHRP Project Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements NCHRP Project Development of Models for Prediction of Expected Safety Performance for Urban and Suburban Arterials NCHRP Project Prepare Parts I and II of the HSM NCHRP Project Safety Prediction Models for Rural Multilane Highways for Use in the HSM NCHRP Project (4) and (5) Prepare Parts IV and V of the HSM NCHRP Project Production of the First Edition of the HSM NCHRP Project Pedestrian Predictive Crash Methodology for Urban and Suburban Arterials NCHRP Project HSM Implementation and Training Materials R ESEARCH P ATH TO THE HSM V.1

WHAT IS COVERED BY THE HSM? Overview of the new HSM

O UTLINE OF THE HSM Part A Introduction, Human Factors, and Fundamentals Part B Roadway Safety Management Process Part C Predictive Method Part D Accident Modification Factors

PART A I NTRODUCTION, H UMAN F ACTORS, & F UNDAMENTALS Introduction and Overview Chapter 1 Human Factors Chapter 2 Fundamentals Chapter 3

N predicted = N spfx *(AMF 1x *AMF 2x *... *AMF yx )*C x Where, N predicted = predicted average crash frequency for a specific year for site type x; N spf x = predicted average crash frequency determined for base conditions of the SPF developed for site type x; AMF yx = Accident Modification Factors specific to SPF for site type x; C x = calibration factor to adjust SPF for local conditions for site type x.

P ART B R OADWAY S AFETY M ANAGEMENT P ROCESS Network Screening Diagnosis Countermeasure Selection Economic Appraisal Prioritization of Improvement Projects Safety Effectiveness Evaluation

P ART B R OADWAY S AFETY M ANAGEMENT P ROCESS

Chapter 4. Network Screening

PART C PREDICTIVE METHODS Two-Lane Rural Roads Urban/ Suburban Arterial Highways Rural Multilane Highways Special Part C Common Procedures Calibration Combining predicted with observed crashes

Exhibit 10-5: Graphical Form of SPF for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roadway Segments (Equation 10-6)

Exhibit 10-9: Graphical Representation of the SPF for Four-leg STOP controlled (4ST) Intersections (Equation 10-9)

P ART D A CCIDENT M ODIFICATION F ACTORS Roadway Segments CHAPTER 13 Intersections CHAPTER 14 Interchanges CHAPTER 15 Special facilities and Geometric Situations CHAPTER 16 Road Networks CHAPTER 17

Exhibit 10-16: AMF for Shoulder Width on Roadway Segments (AMF wra )

Exhibit 10-17: Accident Modification Factor for Shoulder Width on Roadway Segments

WHO SHOULD USE THE HSM? Overview of the new HSM

W HO S HOULD U SE THE HSM? System Planning Project Planning Preliminary Design, Final Design, & Construction Operations & Maintenance

Assess the system needs & identify projects/studies Program projects Evaluate system-wide safety effects of programs System Planning Project Planning Preliminary Design, Final Design, and Construction Operations and Maintenance

Define problem(s) and assist in scoping Identify potential solutions Assess or evaluate multiple alternatives and expected quantitative safety effects Aid in identification of a preferred alternative System Planning Project Planning Preliminary Design, Final Design, and Construction Operations and Maintenance

Evaluate safety of alternative design approaches Assist in review & documentation of design exceptions, variances and waivers Inform decisions on construction staging, work approaches, etc. System PlanningProject Planning Preliminary Design, Final Design, and Construction Operations and Maintenance

Monitor operations to maintain balance among safety, mobility and access. Evaluate the effectiveness of implemented improvements System PlanningProject Planning Preliminary Design, Final Design, and Construction Operations & Maintenance

WHEN WILL THE HSM BE AVAILABLE? Overview of the new HSM

I MPLEMENTATION S CHEDULE Now through July 31, 2009: Review & balloting by SCOTE, SCOHTS and SCOD Sept 1 st to 30 th, 2009 – Ballot by SCOH Expected Release Date: Early 2010

WHAT SUPPORT WILL BE AVAILABLE TO IMPLEMENT THE HSM? Overview of the new HSM

T RAINING & O UTREACH A CTIVITIES Sept – Nov 2009 – Conduct two or three multi-state pilot courses TRB 2010 Annual Meeting – One-day workshop Training materials, including “Train-the- trainer” available upon HSM release

FHWA Tools Supporting HSM Use HSM PartSupporting Tool PART B: Roadway Safety Management Process SafetyAnalyst PART C: Predictive Methods IHSDM PART D: Accident Modification Factors CRF/AMF Clearinghouse

WHERE CAN ONE FIND MORE ABOUT THE HSM? Overview of the new HSM

DATA NEEDS GUIDE

K EY C ONTACTS AASHTO – Ken Kobetsky: (202) – Jim McDonnell: (202) I MPLEMENTATION – Geni Bahar (User Liaison Subcommittee of the TRB HSM Task Force): (416) T RAINING – Karen Dixon (PI of NCHRP 17-38): (541)

T HE E ND Questions?