End Show Slide 1 of 28 Classifying the Elements 6.2

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 28 Element Song

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 3 of 28 History Mid 1800 – atomic masses of elements were known Wrote down the elements in order of increasing mass Russian Scientist Dmitri Mendeleev found a pattern of repeating properties. Grouped elements in columns by similar properties in order of increasing atomic mass

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 4 of 28 The Modern Table Elements are still grouped by properties Similar properties are in the same column Order is in increasing atomic number Added a column of elements Mendeleev didn’t know about. The noble gases weren’t found because they didn’t react with anything.

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5 of 28 Horizontal rows are called periods There are 7 periods

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 6 of 28 Vertical columns are called groups and also families Columns have similar properties.

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 7 of 28 Metals

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 8 of 28 Metals Luster – shiny. Ductile – drawn into wires. Malleable – hammered into sheets. Conductors of heat and electricity.

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 9 of 28 Transition metals The Group B elements

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 10 of 28 Transition Metals The transition metals are the metallic elements that serve as a bridge, or transition, between the two sides of the table. Transition metals are : very hard high melting points high boiling points. Electron configuration fills the d-subshell.

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 11 of 28 Metalloids or Semimetals Semiconductors

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 12 of 28 Metalloids/Semiconductors Have properties of conductors as well as insulators. Allow electricity to flow in only one direction.

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 13 of 28

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Slide 14 of Squares in the Periodic Table What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?

End Show Slide 15 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms. 6.2

End Show Slide 16 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements. The Group 1A elements = alkali metals. The Group 2A elements = alkaline earth metals. The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens. 6.2

End Show Slide 17 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table 6.2

End Show © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Slide 18 of 28 Electron Configurations in Groups How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations? 6.2

End Show Slide 19 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations. 6.2

End Show Slide 20 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups The Noble Gases Group 8A consists of the noble gases. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below. 6.2

End Show Slide 21 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups The Representative Elements Representative elements are in elements in groups 1A - 7A. They display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. 6.2

End Show Slide 22 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level. 6.2

End Show Slide 23 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level. 6.2

End Show Slide 24 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements Two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations. transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons. inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons. 6.2

End Show Slide 25 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements Blocks of Elements 6.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 26 of 28 End Show 6.2 Section Quiz 1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table? a.color b.symbol c.atomic number d.atomic mass

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 27 of 28 End Show 6.2 Section Quiz 2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level a.an s 2 electron. b.an s 1 electron. c.p 2 electrons. d.p 6 electrons.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 28 of 28 End Show 3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? a.Ne, noble gas b.Cu, transition metal c.Ga, transition metal d.Cl, halogen 6.2 Section Quiz

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 29 of 28 End Show 4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals? a. p b.d c.s d.f 6.2 Section Quiz